惠斯通电桥实验的分析  

Analysis of Wheatstone Bridge Experiment

作　　者：罗钰 翁存程 蒋丽钦 LUO Yu;WENG Cuncheng;JIANG Liqin(College of Physics and Energy,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学物理与能源学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2023年第2期66-68,共3页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2023J01132090);福建师范大学教学改革研究项目(I202201106)。

摘　　要：惠斯通电桥的灵敏度是影响电阻测量精度的一个主要因素。本论文探究了惠斯通电桥的灵敏度与电源的电动势、桥臂的电阻、桥臂的比例之间的关系。理论分析显示了,电路的总电流保持恒定的情况下,桥臂的比例越大,惠斯通电桥的灵敏度越低,电阻测量的精度越低。另外,桥臂的比例保持不变且电路总电流不大的情况下,电路的总电流越大,惠斯通电桥的灵敏度越高,电阻测量的精度越高。实验测量得到的数据肯定了理论分析得到的结论。The sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge is a major factor affecting the accuracy of resistance measurement.The relationships between the sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge and power supply electromotive force,bridge arm resistance and bridge arm ratio are explored.Theoretical analysis shows that,when the total current of the circuit remains constant,the larger the bridge arm ratio,the lower the Wheatstone bridge sensitivity and the lower the resistance measurement accuracy.In addition,when the bridge arm ratio remains unchanged and the total current of the circuit is small,the greater the total current,the higher the Wheatstone bridge sensitivity and the higher the resistance measurement accuracy.The experimentally measured data confirms the conclusions obtained from the theoretical analysis.

关 键 词：惠斯通电桥 电阻 灵敏度 电流 

分 类 号：O441.1[理学—电磁学]