潞江坝干热河谷区5种作物田昆虫群落结构及主要类群时间生态位特征  

Insect Community Structure and Temporal Niche Characteristics of Five Common Crop Fields in Lujiangba Dry-hot Valley

作　　者：李勇辉 周天江 李嘉财 柳青 LI Yonghui;ZHOU Tianjiang;LI Jiacai;LIU Qing(State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Conservation and Utilization of Yunnan Province,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201,China;Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Insect Resources in Western Yunnan,Baoshan University,Baoshan Yunnan 678000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]保山学院资源环境学院,云南省高校滇西昆虫资源保护与利用重点实验室,保山678000

出　　处：《保山学院学报》2023年第2期11-19,共9页JOURNAL OF BAOSHAN UNIVERSITY

基　　金：云南省高校滇西昆虫资源保护与利用重点实验室建设项目(项目编号:云教发[2019]57号);云南省“高层次人才培养支持计划”青年拔尖人才专项(项目编号:YNWRQNBJ2020101)。

摘　　要：为明确潞江坝干热河谷区5种作物田昆虫群落结构及主要害虫与天敌在时间生态位上的关系,2019年11月至2021年1月通过目测观察法、扫网法和诱集法调查潞江坝干热河谷区5种常见作物田害虫、天敌种类和数量。结果显示,调查共采集昆虫6307头,隶属12目64科113种;其中害虫有8目42科72种5474头,5个样地的害虫优势科为露尾甲科Nitidulidae和果蝇科Drosophilidae,优势种为黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster和棉露尾甲Haptonchus luteolus,高峰期出现在夏季;天敌昆虫有8目22科41种833头,5个样地的天敌昆虫优势科为寄蝇科Tachinidae、蠼螋科Labiduridae和蚁科Formicidae,优势种为黄猄蚁Oecophylla smaragdina、日本蠼螋Labidura japonica和圆腹异突颜寄蝇Ectophasia rotundiventris,其中日本蠼螋和黄猄蚁的盛发期在夏季,圆腹异突颜寄蝇的高峰期在秋季。时间生态位分析发现,黑腹果蝇和棉露尾甲同日本蠼螋的时间生态位重叠指数最大,分别为0.9657和0.9726,表明日本蠼螋对2种主要害虫的跟随作用较强。因此,在农事操作时应注意加强对该种天敌的保护,以增强农田的天敌自然控害功能。In order to clarify insect community structure and temporal niche relationship between main pests and natural enemies in 5 common crop fields in Lujiangba dry-hot valley area,the species and quantity of pests and natural enemies of 5 common crop fields in Lujiangba dry-hot valley were investi⁃gated by visual observation,net sweeping and trapping methods from November 2019 to January 2021.The results showed that a total of 6307 insects belonging to 12 orders,64 families and 113 species,in⁃cluding 5474 pests of 72 species,42 families and 8 orders of pests.The dominant families in the 5 plots were Drosophilidae and Nitidulidae,with the dominant species are Drosophila melanogaster and Hap⁃tonchus luteolus,and the peak occurred in summer.There were 833 natural predators belonging to 8 or⁃ders,22 families and 41 species.Labiduridae and Tachinidae were the dominant families in plotⅠ,PlotⅡ,plotⅢand plotⅤ.Formidae and parasitidae were the dominant families in plotⅣ.In addi⁃tion,there was another dominant family in plotⅢ,namely,Libellulidae.The dominant species are Oecophylla smaragdina,Labidura japonica and Ectophasia rotundiventris.Among them,Labidura japon⁃ica and Ectophasia rotundiventris flourish in summer,and Ectophasia rotundiventris peak in autumn.Temporal niche analysis showed that Drosophila melanogaster and Haptonchus luteolus had the largest temporal niche overlap index with Labidura japonica,which were 0.9657 and 0.9726,respectively,indi⁃cating that Labidura japonica had a strong following effect on the two major pests.In agricultural opera⁃tion,attention should be paid to strengthening the protection of this natural enemy in order to enhance the natural control function of natural enemy in farmland.

关 键 词：害虫及天敌 群落结构 时间生态位 

分 类 号：Q1[生物学—普通生物学]