《文心雕龙·辨骚》“四异”“博徒”与刘勰的“通变”批评观  

On"Four-Alienation"and"Gamblers"in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons and Liu Xie's Criticism of"Alteration"

作　　者：罗永[1] LUO Yong(College of Literature,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学文学院,四川成都610066

出　　处：《湖南工程学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期51-57,共7页Journal of Hunan Institute of Engineering(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：《文心雕龙·辨骚》篇“四异”与“博徒”相关问题,历来歧解纷出,各家争讼不休。刘勰从“变”的角度看待楚辞,因此要准确把握“四异”“博徒”,离不开对“通变”批评观的考察。“通变”是刘勰在南朝追新求变风潮下为补偏救弊而摸索出的折中之道,“四异”和“博徒”都是他从“通变”批评观的原则出发,对楚辞作出的以儒家经典为参照对象的评价,表示楚辞是对经典的“反正”和新变。这种“变”在刘勰看来虽相较经典为小道,即所谓“《雅》《颂》之博徒”,但毕竟是“去圣之未远”时代的文章典范,“取镕经意”基础上的“自铸伟辞”,因此他并没有把楚辞完全放到儒家经典的对立面予以贬低。The"Four-Alienation"and"Gamblers"in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons have always been controversial,experts have been arguing endlessly.Liu Xie looked at the songs of chu from the perspective of"alteration",so as to accurately grasp the"Four-Alienation"and"Gamblers".It is inseparable from the review of the criticism of"Alteration"."Alteration"is a compromise that Liu Xie tried to find in order to remedy the shortcomings under the trend of pursuing new changes in the Southern Dynasty."Four-Alienation"and"Gamblers"are his evaluation of the songs of chu with Confucian classics as the reference object,starting from the principle of"Alteration"criticism,indicating that the songs of chu is an"rebel"and new alteration of classics.In Liu Xie's opinion,although this alteration is a minor way compared with the classics,that is,the so-called"Gamblers of the Odes and Hymns",it is,after all,a model of the article in an era not far from ancient times,with innovative literature that is based on the classics.Therefore,he did not completely put the songs of chu on the opposite side of the Confucian classics to belittle it.

关 键 词：《辨骚》 通变 四异 博徒 

分 类 号：I206.09[文学—中国文学]