掌颏反射的解剖与临床意义  

Anatomy and clinical significance of palmomental reflex

作　　者：张剑英 高焕民 Zhang Jianying;Gao Huanmin(Department of Neurology,the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Binhai University,Qingdao 266404,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛滨海学院附属医院神经内科,青岛266404

出　　处：《中华解剖与临床杂志》2023年第4期277-280,共4页Chinese Journal of Anatomy and Clinics

摘　　要：掌颏反射是一种人类原始反射,以钝器轻划手掌大鱼际时下颌肌肉轻微收缩为阳性,出生2天后逐渐出现,2岁消失,50岁以后重现。病理状态下的掌颏反射,刺激部位不只是大鱼际,还有小鱼际、手背、前臂、上肢、躯干甚至下肢,且下颌肌肉收缩幅度大、持续时间长。出生后2天至2岁掌颏反射阴性提示脑损伤,因此,建议将掌颏反射列为新生儿神经反射的常规检查之一。成年人轻划小鱼际等部位掌颏反射阳性为病理征象,是皮质释放的征象。本文分析了掌颏反射的解剖与临床意义,同时就掌颏反射的规范化检查方法、效应的分级、判断指标以及临床意义等加以阐述,旨在正确判断掌颏反射的临床意义。Palmomental reflex is a primitive human reflex.Gently stroking the palmar hypothenar with a blunt instrument could slightly contract the mandibular muscles.It gradually appears 2 days after birth,disappears at 2 years old,and reappears after 50 years old.In pathological condition,the stimulation,not only on the thenar but also on the hypothenar,the back of the hand,the forearm,the upper limbs,the trunk,and even the lower limbs,produces large contraction with long duration.A negative palmomental reflex from 2 days to 2 years after birth indicates brain injury.Therefore,palmomental reflex should be one of the routine examinations of neonatal nerve reflex.A positive palmomental reflex in an adult's lightly scratched hypothenar and other parts is a pathological sign,which is a sign of cortical release.In this paper,the anatomy and clinical significance of palmomental reflex were analyzed.A standardized examination method of palmomental reflex,effect grading,judgment index,and clinical significance were proposed.

关 键 词：神经解剖学 掌颏反射 生理反射 病理反射 检查方法 规范 

分 类 号：R322.8[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]