厨余垃圾厌氧发酵沼渣制备栽培基质研究  

Study on the Preparation of Culture Substrate from Food Waste Anaerobic Fermentation Biogas Residue

作　　者：马想 MA Xiang(Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and GrasslandAdministration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites,National Innovation Alliance of National Forestry andGrassland Administration on Afforestation and Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites,Shanghai Engineering Research Center ofLandscaping on Challenging Urban Sites,Shanghai,China,200232)

机构地区：[1]上海市园林科学规划研究院,城市困难立地生态园林国家林业和草原局重点实验室,国家林业和草原局城市困难立地绿化造林国家创新联盟,上海城市困难立地绿化工程技术研究中心,上海200232

出　　处：《园林》2023年第5期127-132,共6页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：上海市科委科技创新行动计划科技支撑碳达峰碳中和专项“沼渣低碳高值化产品标准研制、安全性评价与应用示范”(编号:21DZ1209403);上海市绿化和市容管理局科学技术项目“湿垃圾处置固态残余物资源化利用途径研究”(编号:G200202)。

摘　　要：目前国内厨余垃圾的主要处理方式为厌氧发酵,发酵后有机化合物所含有的大部分营养元素残留于其发酵沼渣中,厨余垃圾厌氧发酵沼渣(以下简称厨余沼渣)脱水干燥后养分含量高、物理性质良好,可用于制备植物栽培基质,以增强其资源再利用价值。将厨余沼渣与草炭按照不同的比例进行混合,待栽培基质充分混匀、稳定后,对栽培基质的发芽指数、养分含量、pH值和EC值进行测定,基于发芽指数确定厨余沼渣最优添加比例。结果表明,厨余沼渣添加对发芽指数有明显的低剂量刺激效应,根据Loglogistic模型预测了厨余沼渣的毒害阈值EC_(20)为26.7%。厨余沼渣添加能有效提高栽培基质的全氮、全磷和全钾含量,在厨余沼渣添加比例为26.7%时,栽培基质全氮增量为1.67%、全磷增量为3.92%、全钾增量为0.81%。厨余沼渣添加会显著提高栽培基质pH值和EC值,表现为低配比即迅速提高,之后提升速率变缓。当厨余沼渣添加比例为26.7%时,栽培基质pH值增量为1.83、EC值增量为3.46 mS/cm。本研究分析了厨余沼渣作为栽培基质原料的适用性,为厨余沼渣的直接利用提供了合理的研发思路。At present,the main treatment method for food waste in China is anaerobic fermentation.After fermentation,most of the nutri-ent elements contained in the organic compounds remain in the fermented biogas residue.After dehydration and drying,the an-aerobic fermentation biogas residue of food waste(biogas residue)is rich in nutrients and has good physical properties,which can be used to prepare culture substrate to enhance its resource reuse value.Mix biogas residue and peat according to different proportions.After the cultivation substrate is fully mixed and stabilized,determine the germination index,nutrient content,pH and EC of the cultivation substrate.It is proposed to determine the optimal addition proportion of biogas residue based on the germination index.The results showed that the addition of biogas residue had an obvious hormesis effect on the germination in-dex.According to the Log logistic model,the toxicity threshold EC_(20) of biogas residue was predicted to be 26.7%.The addition of biogas residue can effectively increase the total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium content of the cultivation sub-strate.When the proportion of biogas residue added is 26.7%,the total nitrogen increment of the cultivation substrate is 1.67%,the total phosphorus increment is 3.92%,and the total potassium increment is 0.81%.The addition of biogas residue can signifi-cantly increase the pH and EC of the cultivation substrate,which is shown by the rapid increase in low proportion,and then the increase rate becomes slower.When the proportion of biogas residue was 26.7%,the pH increment of the cultivation substrate was 1.83,and the EC increment was 3.46 mS/cm.This study analyzed the applicability of biogas residue as a raw material for cultivation and provided a reasonable research and development idea for the direct utilization of biogas residue.

关 键 词：厨余垃圾 沼渣 发芽指数 毒性阈值 预测模型 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]