甘肃兴隆山森林生态系统豹猫及其潜在猎物的日活动模式  

Daily Activity Patterns of Leopard Cats and Their Potential Prey in Forest Ecosystem of Xinglong Mountains of Gansu Province,China

作　　者：张红勇 张德喜 毛锐锐 王一竹 周倩 徐涛 张立勋[2,3] ZHANG Hongyong;ZHANG Dexi;MAO Ruirui;WANG Yizhu;ZHOU Qian;XU Tao;ZHANG Lixun(Management Centre of Xinglong Mountains National Nature Reserve of Gansu,Yuzhong,730117,China;College of Ecology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,730000,China;Yuzhong Mountain Ecosystems Observation and Research Station,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区管护中心,榆中730117 [2]兰州大学生态学院,兰州730000 [3]兰州大学榆中山地生态系统野外科学观测研究站,兰州730000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第2期239-247,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(18JR2RA009);兰州市陆生野生脊椎动物多样性调查项目;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(lzujbky-2021-sp05)。

摘　　要：食肉目(Carnivora)动物对维持食物网稳定和生态系统功能平衡具有重要作用,理解捕食者与其猎物的时间生态位有助于珍稀物种的保护。为探究豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)与同域分布潜在猎物的日活动特征、季节性变化和种间活动重叠规律,于2018年9月—2020年8月在甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区布设60台红外相机开展持续监测,累计工作日33521 d,共捕获豹猫370次、灰尾兔(Lepus oiostolus)390次、鼠类(Rats)760次和环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)834次独立有效事件。基于核密度曲线和活动重叠度分析豹猫、灰尾兔、鼠类和环颈雉的日活动节律,揭示捕食者与猎物在青草期和枯草期的日活动节律变化模式。结果显示:(1)豹猫和鼠类的日活动节律为双峰型夜行性,环颈雉为持续峰型昼行性,而灰尾兔表现为峦峰型泛夜行性。(2)除环颈雉外,其他3个物种日活动节律季节性变化明显,枯草期均倾向于凌晨活动,且豹猫也增加了白天午后的活动时长,具有较强的适应性。(3)豹猫与鼠类、灰尾兔的重叠度较高,但存在季节差异,青草期与鼠类重叠度最高(Δ_(4)=0.779),枯草期与灰尾兔重叠度最高(Δ_(1)=0.720),与环颈雉青草期(Δ_(4)=0.356)和枯草期(Δ_(1)=0.453)重叠度均最低。本研究从时间维度评估了豹猫与其猎物的活动行为响应,为探讨兴隆山豹猫与猎物的时空共存机制和为自然保护地开展关键物种保护与有害物种防治提供科学依据。Carnivores play a key role in maintaining the stability of food webs and the balance of ecosystem functions,and understanding the temporal niches between predators and their prey can contribute to the rare species conservation.During September 2018 to August 2020,we deployed 60 camera traps to monitor seasonal variation in the daily activity rhythm and overlap patterns of leopard cats(Prionailurus bengalensis)with their potential prey in the Xinglong Mountains National Na⁃ture Reserve of Gansu Province.We identified a total of 370 independent effective events for leopard cats,390 for woolly hare(Lepus oiostolus),760 for rats and 834 for common pheasant(Phasianus colchicus)over 33,521 camera trapping days.Kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap analyses showed that:(1)The daily activity rhythms of leopard cats and rats were bimodal nocturnal,while woolly hare mainly occurred at night and common pheasant were bimodal diur⁃nal.(2)Leopard cats and their major prey(except for common pheasant)had obvious seasonal variation,which all tended to be active in the early morning during the hay period,and the leopard cat also increased its activity hours in the afternoon with flexible adaptability.(3)Leopard cats had a higher overlap coefficient with rats during the grass period(Δ_(4)=0.779)and with woolly hare during the hay period(Δ_(1)=0.720),but had the lowest overlap with common pheasant during both grass pe⁃riod(Δ_(4)=0.356)and hay period(Δ_(1)=0.453).This study is useful for evaluation the response of leopard cats as top preda⁃tors to their potential prey in the temporal dimension,and provide scientific basis for the conservation of leopard cat and predator-prey coexistence in the Xinglong Mountains.

关 键 词：猫科动物 活动模式 时间生态位划分 捕食者-猎物 红外相机 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]