陕西省鸟类物种组成及分布状况40年之变化  

Shaanxi Bird Species Composition and Its Distribution Changes in the Past Four Decades

作　　者：高学斌[1] 王伟峰 于晓平[3] GAO Xuebin;WANG Weifeng;YU Xiaoping(Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Xi’an,710032,China;Shaanxi Nature Reserve and Wildlife Management,Xi’an,710082,China;College of Life Sciences,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an,710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省动物研究所,西安710032 [2]陕西省自然保护区与野生动植物管理站,西安710082 [3]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安710119

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第2期339-346,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查项目(2019HJ2096001006);国家自然基金面上项目(31872245);陕西省林业科学院科技创新计划专项(SXLK2020-0210)。

摘　　要：对截至2022年4月底陕西省11个调查地理单元中的鸟类组成及其变化进行统计。结果表明:陕西省共有鸟类572种,隶属于22目81科,其中国家一级重点保护鸟类29种,国家二级重点保护鸟类98种。按居留型划分,留鸟200种,夏候鸟191种,冬候鸟55种,旅鸟104种,迷鸟22种。物种组成随着调查地理单元的不同而发生变化,渭河谷地及其以南区域的物种数较多,其次为陕北黄土高原及其以北区域,而陕北黄土切割塬和陇山山地最少。秦巴山地留鸟的比例较高,鄂尔多斯高原和陕北高原西北部迁徙鸟的比例相对较高。在各个调查地理单元的繁殖鸟类中,古北种所占比例从南向北依次增加。1996年后,随着环境的变化、调查的深入以及鸟类分类系统的更新,陕西省境内新增鸟类204种,其中水鸟类74种,非水鸟类130种。水鸟种类增加最多的是渭河谷地,有64种,非水鸟类增加最多的是秦岭南坡山地,有89种。Bird species composition and its changes over time in 11 geographic survey units of Shaanxi Province by the end of April 2022 were summarized.The results showed that there are 572 bird species which belong to 22 orders and 81 families.Of these species,there are 29 species of national first-class key protected birds and 98 species of national secondclass key protected birds.By the resident types,there are 200 residents,191 summer breeders,55 winters,104 passen⁃gers and 22 vagrants.The species number changed along the geographic survey units,with the Weihe Valley and its south⁃ern region being highest,followed by the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi,and the lowest in the Loess Cutting Plateau and Longshan Mountain areas in northern Shaanxi.The proportion of residents in the Qinba Mountains is relatively high,while the proportion of migratory birds in the Ordos Plateau and the northwest of the northern Shaanxi Plateau is relatively high.The proportion of palaearctic species increased from south to north.Since 1996,with changing environments,exten⁃sive investigations and an updated avian classification system,204 newly-recorded birds including 74 waterfowls and 130 non-waterfowls have been found in Shaanxi Province.The largest number of waterbirds including 64 species occurred in the Weihe Valley,and the largest number of non-waterbirds including 89 species have been recorded in the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains.

关 键 词：鸟类组成 地理分布 调查地理单元 陕西省 

分 类 号：Q985.1[生物学—人类学]