地方立法中的公民参与机制述评——以深圳经济特区为例  

The Mechanism of Citizen Participation in the Legislation of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

作　　者：秦博文 QIN Bowen

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100872

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2023年第3期34-46,59,共14页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“地方立法中的公民参与机制研究”(16BZZ023)。

摘　　要：公民参与地方立法是我国公民政治参与的一种重要的制度化形式,是实现人民民主、推进法治建设的必然要求,现行《立法法》第6条明确规定:“立法应当体现人民的意志,发扬社会主义民主,坚持立法公开,保障人民通过多种途径参与立法活动”。本文以深圳经济特区为例,对其立法过程中的公民参与机制进行考察。与深圳经济特区立法的发展变迁轨迹相似,深圳经济特区公民参与立法可以分为起步阶段、成长阶段和快速发展阶段3个各具特色的阶段。通过30余年的建设,深圳地方立法工作从简单地强调有法可依逐步转变为重视立法程序的科学性和民主性,从单纯的部门立法模式转变为引导社会公众广泛参与。具体而言,深圳市人大及其常委会通过出台一系列保障公民立法参与的法规规章、建立完善立法听证会、基层立法联系点等制度、将开门立法贯穿立法全过程、拓宽人大代表履职渠道等举措,使得立法公民参与的内容越发深入、公民参与的形式不断扩展、公众意见也充分在法规中得到体现。只有坚持保障公众的立法参与权利,实施民主立法和科学立法,才能丰富完善全过程人民民主的制度内涵,推动中国特色社会主义政治制度的有序发展。因此,深圳乃至全国各地方立法中的公民参与问题,仍然需要学界长期关注和探讨。Citizen participation in local legislation is an important institutionalized form of citizen political participation in China, and it is a necessary requirement to realize people’s democracy and promote the construction of the rule of law. This paper takes the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone (SEZ) as an example to examine the citizen participation mechanism in its legislative process.Similar to the development trajectory of legislation in the Shenzhen,citizen participation in legislation can be divided into three stages:the initial stage,the growth stage,and the rapid development stage.Over the past 30 years,the local legislation in Shenzhen has gradually shifted from a simple emphasis on having laws to a focus on the scientific and democratic nature of the legislative process,and from a single departmental legislative model to guiding broad public participation.Specifically,the Shenzhen Municipal People’s Congress and its Standing Committee have taken a series of measures to safeguard citizens’participation in legislation,including enacting a series of laws and regulations to protect citizens’legislative participation rights,establishing a sound system of legislative hearings and grassroots legislative contact points,and implementing open legislation throughout the legislative process,as well as expanding the channels for National People’s Congress deputies to perform their duties.These efforts have made the content of citizen participation in legislation more profound,the forms of citizen participation more diverse,and public opinion fully reflected in laws and regulations.Only by adhering to the protection of citizens’right to participate in legislation and implementing democratic and scientific legislation can we enrich and improve the institutional connotation of the whole-process of people’s democracy and promote the orderly development of China’s socialist political system.Therefore,the issue of citizen participation in local legislation in Shenzhen and other regions across the country still

关 键 词：全过程人民民主 公民参与 立法参与 地方立法 深圳 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]