白洋淀流域种植结构及氮盈余的时空变化特征  

Spatiotemporal variations in planting structure and nitrogen surplus in the Baiyangdian basin

作　　者：杨紫薇 尹高飞 赵海璇 朱聪[2] 马文奇[1] 王佳宝 习斌 李文超 刘宏斌[4] YANG Ziwei;YIN Gaofei;ZHAO Haixuan;ZHU Cong;MA Wenqi;WANG Jiabao;XI Bin;LI Wenchao;LIU Hongbin(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation,Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment of Farmland in Hebei,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,保定071000 [2]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081 [3]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第6期111-119,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：河北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(BJ2021026);河北省引进留学人员资助项目(C20200330);华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室自主课题项目(NCCIR2021ZZ-20);河北省水环境科学实验室开放课题项目(HBSHJ202107);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0101900);国家自然科学基金项目(42107410)。

摘　　要：针对种植业氮素过量投入造成的流域农业面源污染问题,该研究以白洋淀流域核心区域粮食作物和经济作物为研究对象,以粮经比为种植结构评价指标,从氮素平衡角度考虑,探究白洋淀流域种植结构变化对区域水环境的影响。研究结果显示:1)白洋淀流域种植结构时空变化明显,时间上,研究期内白洋淀流域粮经比总体呈小幅度上升趋势(4.47~5.72);空间上,距白洋淀淀区距离越大,区域内粮经比越小,临白洋淀区粮经比(15.11~19.23)明显高于白洋淀上游粮经比(2.44~2.64);2)白洋淀流域种植业氮盈余量时空分异特征明显,时间上,研究期内白洋淀流域种植业氮盈余量总体呈下降趋势((26.29~18.49)×10^(4)t);空间上,各区域种植业氮盈余量表现为:白洋淀中游((10.39~14.48)×10^(4)t)、白洋淀下游((4.35~7.09)×10^(4)t)、临白洋淀((2.24~2.64)×10^(4)t)、白洋淀上游((1.51~2.58)×10^(4)t);3)白洋淀流域种植业氮盈余强度与粮经比呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),其中,研究期内某一区域粮经比基础值越小,其上升幅度越大,种植业氮盈余强度下降幅度越大;4)通过调控粮经比可明显改变区域内种植业氮盈余强度,如将白洋淀中游粮经比调整到12.13~17.79,其区域内种植业氮盈余强度可由Ⅳ级水平(>220~260kg/hm^(2))降低到Ⅱ级水平(≥140~180 kg/hm^(2))。因此,基于区域种植结构与氮盈余强度的关系,可通过调整种植结构来调控氮盈余强度,从而控制氮盈余量以降低种植业氮素投入的环境风险。研究结果可为白洋淀流域和其他流域种植业氮素污染控制提供科学依据。Environmental loss can be caused by the excessive nitrogen input in crop production,leading to non-point source pollution in the lake basin.Among them,the planting structure can be one of the most important factors to affect the nitrogen input,due to the various levels of nitrogen management between different systems of crop production.Therefore,it is very necessary to explore the relationship between planting structure and environmental loss at present.In this study,the grain crops(wheat and maize)and economic crops(vegetables and fruit trees)were taken as research objects in Baoding and Dingzhou from the core areas of the Baiyangdian Basin in the North China Plain.An optimization was made to clarify the effect of planting structure on the regional environment,where the grain economy ratio was taken as the characterization factor of planting structure,while the nitrogen surplus was the characterization factor of environmental loss.Specifically,the grain economic ratio was the planting area ratio of grain crop to economic crop.Nitrogen surplus was the difference between nitrogen input and output in the planting system.The results showed that:1)There were outstanding spatiotemporal changes in the planting structure in the Baiyangdian Basin.In the spatial view,the largest grain economic ratio was found nearby the Baiyangdian Lake area,whereas,the smallest grain economic ratio was upstream of the Baiyangdian Lake.The grain economy ratio decreased significantly with the increase in distance from the spatial divisions to the lake.In terms of time,the grain economic ratio and each spatial partition showed a slight upward trend during the study period(in 2013,2015,2017 and 2019)among the four spatial divisions.There was the largest increase in the grain economy ratio in the middle reaches of Baiyangdian Lake;2)The spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of planting nitrogen surplus in Baiyangdian Basin were obvious.In terms of time,the planting nitrogen surplus in Baiyangdian Basin showed a downward trend((

关 键 词：作物 氮 种植结构 氮盈余 时空特征 白洋淀流域 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]