基于性能的老旧小区防灾空间改造研究  

Research on Disaster Prevention Space Transformation of Old Community based on Performance

作　　者：袁静 段芳 YUAN Jing;DUAN Fang(Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Huaqing College,Xi'an 710043,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学华清学院,陕西西安710043

出　　处：《粉煤灰综合利用》2023年第2期118-125,共8页Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization

摘　　要：近年我国发生了许多重大城市灾害,这些灾害给人民的财产和生命安全带来了巨大的危害。社区作为基层主要的防灾单元,开展防灾工作具有十分重要的意义。目前老旧小区的灾害防御能力明显不够,一旦发生灾害,老旧小区会率先受到冲击。本文首先分析了国内外社区防灾工作的现状与趋势;其次,对北京市某老旧小区的公共空间防灾减灾情况进行了调查研究;并根据空间韧性理论,分析了老旧小区内的空间韧性现状,对其空间环境韧性存在的问题进行汇总,制定了社区防灾体系的改造原则;最后确定建筑结构优化模型,进行计算完成材料选取,完成对防灾空间避难场所的隔震加固和优化,以及避难通道和消防疏散通道的改造。本研究对老旧小区的防灾空间改造和研究工作具有积极的指导意义和应用价值。In recent years,many major urban disasters have occurred in China,which have brought great harm to people's property and life safety.As the main disaster prevention unit at the grass-roots level,community disaster prevention is of great significance.At present,the disaster prevention capacity of the old community is obviously insufficient.Once a disaster occurs,the old community will be the first to be impacted.The paper analyzes the current situation and trend of community disaster prevention at home and abroad;Then the public space disaster prevention and mitigation of an old residential area in Beijing was investigated;According to the theory of spatial resilience,the paper analyzes the current situation of spatial resilience in old residential areas,summarizes the problems of their spatial environmental resilience,and formulates the transformation principles of community disaster prevention system;finally,determine the reconstruction plan of disaster prevention space and the optimization model of building structure,calculate and complete the material selection,and then complete the seismic isolation reinforcement and optimization of the disaster prevention space refuge,as well as the reconstruction of the refuge passage and fire evacuation passage.This study has a positive guiding significance and application value for the reconstruction and research of disaster prevention space in old residential areas.

关 键 词：性能 防灾减灾 空间韧性 空间改造 老旧小区 改造原则 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]