小插曲还是大趋势——近年来以色列主要左翼政党政坛边缘化论析  

The Analysis of Israeli Major Left-Wing Parties'Marginalization in the Knesset

作　　者：吴诗尧 Wu Shiyao

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院,北京100029

出　　处：《当代世界社会主义问题》2023年第1期102-112,167,共12页Issues of Contemporary World Socialism

基　　金：对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(20QD20)。

摘　　要：2019年4月至2022年11月,以色列先后举行了5次议会大选。这5次大选的结果表明,以色列工党和梅雷兹党两个主要的左翼政党正越来越滑向政坛边缘,甚至连在议会中稳定立足都无法保证。这两个政党的政坛地位在近年愈发衰落,源于主客观原因的交织作用。前者主要包括以色列工党和梅雷兹党的治理模式失灵,组织实力衰减,理论创新遇阻,以及选战策略失误。后者则是指以色列社会近年来越发大幅度、结构性右倾,造成该国左翼政党的重要性和影响力显著弱化。由于这些原因多样且复杂,以色列工党和梅雷兹党扭转其政坛衰颓不仅面临棘手挑战,还受到诸多因素牵制。因此,就阶段性的发展轨迹而言,它们可能难以在短时间内遏止其政坛边缘化态势,实现止颓回稳。Israel held five Knesset elections between April 2019 and November 2022.The elections'results suggest that the country's traditional major left-wing parties,Israeli Labor Party and Meretz Party,are slipping further to the political fringes,with even no guarantee of a stable foothold in the Knesset.The subjective and objective reasons lead to the two parties'recent marginalization.The subjective ones mainly include the failure of Israeli Labor Party and Meretz Party's governance models,the attenuation of the two parties'organizational strength,the stagnation of their theoretical innovation,and the wrong strategies for the Knesset election.The objective reason is that Israeli society has structurally transformed from the left to the right in the recent years,resulting in a significant decline of its left-wing parties'importance and influence.Considering these diverse and complex reasons,the reverse of the two parties'marginalization faces intractable challenges,and also hampered by many factors.Therefore,Israeli Labor Party and the Meretz Party may not be able to stop their marginalization in the short term.

关 键 词：以色列工党 梅雷兹党 以色列左翼力量 以色列政治 

分 类 号：D738.2[政治法律—政治学]