多尺度复杂水质尾流气泡的激光探测仿真与实验  

Laser Detection Simulation and Experiment of Multiscale Complex Water Wake Bubble

作　　者：宗思光[1] 张鑫 梁善永[1] 曹静[1] Zong Siguang;Zhang Xin;Liang Shanyong;Cao Jing(College of Electronic Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430034,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学电子工程学院,湖北武汉430034

出　　处：《中国激光》2023年第5期63-73,共11页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家国防基金(2019-JCJQJJ056)。

摘　　要：舰船尾流气泡具有尺度范围大、稀疏、离散等特征。利用蓝绿激光的海水穿透性能以及气泡对激光的后向散射特性,可以实现舰船尾流气泡的远场检测。舰船尾流的稀疏、离散特征导致气泡的激光散射回波信噪比极低,对光学接收处理系统及尾流信号处理方法带来了困难与挑战。建立了舰船尾流气泡的激光后向散射模型,通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了不同水质、不同气泡距离和不同尺度气泡的激光后向散射特性,设计了可抑制近场水体强散射干扰的水下气泡激光测试分析系统,实现了激光能量与雪崩光电二极管接收增益间的匹配调节。针对室内和湖泊环境,开展了不同水质和光电探测参数下的尾流气泡检测性能测试,通过对数据进行统计处理分析得到了舰船尾流气泡的激光探测特征规律。设计的水下气泡激光测试分析系统可以实现对舰船尾流气泡的有效探测,为舰船尾流探测系统在不同水质环境下的工程应用提供了理论及数据支撑。Objective Ship wake is the disturbance of water flow caused by the propeller when the ship is sailing,drawing air into the water to form bubbles.In addition,the cavitation of the propeller itself also generates a large number of bubbles around the propeller,creating a wake belt full of bubbles in the stern of the ship.The optical characteristics of the wake differ from those of the surrounding water environment.By studying the laser characteristics of the ship wake,we can further judge the characteristics of the ship’s trajectory and speed in the sea and then realize the precise guidance and damage attack of underwater vehicles such as torpedoes.The bubbles in the ship wake have the characteristics of sparsity,discreteness,small scale,and low numerical density.The scale and number density are related to the ship speed,propeller speed,and distance from the measurement area to the ship.The laser detection method of ship wake must have the ability to sense bubbles with a large dynamic diameter range of 10‒1000μm,and it must adapt to different water Methods In this study,the Monte Carlo simulation method is used to simulate the backscattering of wake bubbles with diameter of 40‒500μm in pure seawater,clean seawater,coastal seawater,and port seawater.To address strong water scattering interference in close range and low signaltonoise ratio of weak signal detection in underwater laser wake detection,an antisaturation and gain control signal processing method is studied.By adjusting the bias voltage to change the photocurrent gain of the avalanche photodiode,the APD(avalanche photo diode)gain can be controlled.An underwater microbubble laser measurement and analysis system that can suppress the strong scattering interference of nearfield water is designed,and the matching adjustment between the APD receiving gain and the signal strength under different water environments can be realized.Results and Discussions The backscattering law of wake bubbles in different seawater qualities is investigated.The echo amplitu

关 键 词：海洋光学 舰船尾流 蒙特卡罗 后向散射 仿真研究 实验研究 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]