设施番茄连作对产量、品质和土壤功能的影响  

Effects of tomato continuous cropping on tomato yield,quality and soil function in greenhouse

作　　者：张勇勇 赵凤艳 杨丽娟[1] ZHANG Yong-yong;ZHAO Feng-yan;YANG Li-juan(Land and Environmental College,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang Liaoning 110866;Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming System,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang Liaoning 110161)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第2期96-105,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201000);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2020MS0502)。

摘　　要：设施内番茄长期连作导致的土壤功能下降是限制我国番茄产业可持续发展的重要因素。在日光温室内进行盆栽试验,研究了不同连作年限(0、5、20年)对番茄产量、品质和土壤化学性质、酶活性、微生物群落结构及数量的影响。结果表明:番茄长期连作导致番茄果实产量(22.33%~29.88%)、果实可溶性糖含量(43.44%~55.12%)、维生素C含量(6.88%~32.39%)、硝酸盐含量(19.40%~24.42%)和糖酸比(61.23%~133.92%)均呈升高的趋势,同时也伴随着总酸度(13.51%~35.14%)的降低。连作使土壤pH和碳氮比显著降低,连作5和20年的土壤p H分别比连作0年的土壤下降了0.20、1.23个单位,碳氮比分别下降了6.46%、8.33%,而电导率和养分含量结果相反,其中连作5和20年的土壤电导率比连作0年的土壤分别提高6.53%、26.75%。连作导致土壤中过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性下降,脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性增强。连作改变了土壤中微生物群落的结构和组成。与连作0年相比,连作5年的细菌丰富度和多样性均无显著变化,但连作20年的土壤中二者均显著降低;连作后真菌丰富度降低,多样性先降低后升高。连作0和5年的土壤细菌群落结构更相似,而连作5和20年的土壤真菌群落结构更相似。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和Gp6是3个处理细菌相对丰度最高的门和属;子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和Ascomycota_unidentified_1_1是真菌相对丰度最高的门和属。连作抑制了一些优势菌群的生长,如细菌放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和属于该菌门的沉积岩杆菌属(Ilumatobacter),以及真菌球囊菌门(Glomeromycota),同时也促进了某些优势菌群的生长,如细菌芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)和属于该菌门的芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)以及真菌Cladorrhinum属相对丰度升高。连作显著增加了真菌的数量(49.16%~59.22%)和尖孢镰刀菌的数量(820%~2679%),降低了放线菌/真菌,放线菌数量随连作年限的增加呈先升高后�The decline of soil function caused by long-term continuous monoculture in greenhouse is an important factor limiting the sustainable development of tomato industry in China.Pot experiments were conducted in a solar greenhouse to study the effects of different continuous cropping years(0,5 and 20-year)on tomato yield,quality,soil chemical properties,enzyme activities,and microbial community structure and number.Results showed that:tomato continuous cropping increased tomato fruit yield(22.33%~29.88%),fruit soluble sugar content(43.44%~55.12%),vitamin C content(6.88%~32.39%),nitrate content(19.40%~24.42%)and sugar/acid ratio(61.23%~133.92%),but decreased total acidity(13.51%~35.14%).The soil pH of continuous cropping in 5 and 20-year soils decreased by 0.20 and 1.23,carbon to nitrogen ratio decreased by 6.46%and 8.33%,respectively,compared with that of continuous cropping in 0-year soils.However,the soil electrical conductivity and nutrient content of continuous cropping in 5 and 20-year soils increased by 6.53%and 26.75%compared with that of continuous cropping in 0-year soils.The activities of soil catalase and polyphenol oxidase decreased,while the activities of urease and acid phosphatase increased with the increase of tomato continuous cropping duration.Continuous cropping changed the structure and composition of microbial community in soil.Compared with 0-year soil,there was no significant change in bacterial richness and diversity in the 5-year soil,but they both decreased significantly in the 20-year soil;continuous cropping reduced the fungal richness,and the diversity first decreased and then increased.The bacterial community structure was similar between 0 and 5-year continuous cropping soils,while the fungal community structure between 5 and 20-year continuous cropping soils was similar.Proteobacteria and Gp6 were the bacterial phylum and genus with the highest relative abundance for all the three treatments,respectively;Ascomycota and Ascomycota_unidentified_1_1 were the fungal phylum and genus with t

关 键 词：设施番茄栽培 连作 土壤 酶活性 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]