尿素与液态脲甲醛缓释氮肥配施对棉花生长与氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of urea combined with liquid urea formaldehyde slow release nitrogen fertilizer on cotton growth and nitrogen absorption and utilization

作　　者：邱悦 杨晓燕 田甜 王金刚 朱永琪 崔静[1] 王海江[1] QIU Yue;YANG Xiao-yan;TIAN Tian;WANG Jin-gang;ZHU Yong-qi;CUI Jing;WANG Hai-jiang(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000;Taier(Guangdong)Co.Ltd.,Zhaoqing Guangdong 856105)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/绿洲生态农业兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]太尔(广东)有限公司,广东肇庆856105

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第2期129-137,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42161042);兵团科技攻关重点研发项目(2018AA004,2020AB018);石河子大学高层次人才基金项目(RCZK20208)。

摘　　要：研究不同施氮水平下,尿素与液态脲甲醛缓释氮肥不同比例配施对棉花生长发育、干物质积累量、棉花各器官氮素积累量、氮肥利用率以及产量的影响,为新疆滴灌棉田高产施氮管理提供理论依据。试验选用棉花品种新陆早64号,设置2种施氮方式,分别为常规全施尿素(T2)和尿素与缓释氮肥不同比例配施(US);配施处理按照施氮量设3个水平,分别为不减氮U0.8S0.2(T3)和U0.6S0.4(T4)、减氮20%U0.6S0.2(T5)和U0.4S0.4(T6)、减氮40%U0.4S0.2(T7)和U0.2S0.4(T8),不施氮肥(T1)为对照,共8个处理。分别在苗期、蕾期、花期、铃期、吐絮期对棉花株高、SPAD值、干物质累积量进行测定,并分析植株氮素积累量、氮肥利用率和单株产量。结果表明:尿素与缓释氮肥配施可以促进棉花的生长发育和产量,不减氮水平下T4处理棉花的株高、SPAD值、植株干物质积累量和单株产量达到最大,T4处理棉花单株产量较T1和T2处理分别显著提高了54.09%和26.50%(P<0.05);在减氮20%水平下,T5与T6处理的棉花株高和SPAD值差异均不显著,且T5、T6处理的棉花单株产量及其构成因素与常规全施尿素T2处理也无显著差异,可实现减氮不减产;减氮40%水平下,T7与T8处理在棉花生长发育及产量间均无显著差异。同时,尿素与缓释氮肥配施有利于提高棉花的氮素吸收利用,不减氮水平下T4处理的氮素农学效率和氮素偏生产力在各处理间达到最大,分别为8.73和24.86 kg/kg;T5、T6处理的氮素表观利用率显著高于T2处理(P<0.05),分别为62.09%和62.44%;减氮40%水平下,配施缓释氮肥比例较高的T8处理氮素表观利用率较T7处理高8.51%。综上:T4和T5处理均能显著增加棉花氮肥利用率,有利于棉花生长发育及单株产量的提高,是本试验中棉花高产高效的最佳配施比例。The effects of different proportions of urea and liquid urea formaldehyde slow release nitrogen fertilizer on cotton growth and development,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation in various organs of cotton,nitrogen use efficiency and yield were studied under different nitrogen levels,so as to provide theoretical basis for high yield nitrogen application management in drip irrigation cotton fields in Xinjiang.Cotton variety“Xinluzao 64”was selected in the experiment,and two nitrogen application methods were set up,namely conventional total urea(T2)and different proportions of urea and slow release nitrogen fertilizer(US).The combined application treatments were set up at three levels according to the nitrogen application rate,namely,no nitrogen reduction of U 0.8S 0.2(T3)and U 0.6S 0.4(T4),nitrogen reduction of 20%U 0.6S 0.2(T5)and U 0.4S 0.4(T6),nitrogen reduction of 40%U 0.4S 0.2(T7)and U 0.2S 0.4(T8),and no nitrogen application(T1)as the control,with a total of eight treatments.The plant height,SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of cotton were measured at seedling stage,bud stage,flowering stage,boll stage and boll opening stage,and the nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency and yield per plant were analyzed.The results showed that urea combined with slow release nitrogen fertilizer promoted the growth and yield of cotton.The plant height,SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and yield per plant of T4 treatment reached the maximum without nitrogen reduction.The yield per plant of T4 treatment was significantly increased by 54.09%and 26.50%compared with T1 and T2 treatments,respectively(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in cotton plant height and SPAD value between T5 and T6 under 20%nitrogen reduction,and there was no significant difference in cotton yield per plant and its components between T5 and T6 and conventional total urea T2 treatment.Under the nitrogen reduction of 40%,there was no significant difference in the growth and yield of cotton between T7 and T8 treatments.At the

关 键 词：棉花 缓释氮肥 配施 氮素利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]