检察机关“有限一般监督”改革进路的生成逻辑  

The Generative Logic of Reform Approach to Limited General Supervision of the Procuratorial Organ

作　　者：郭晋磊 GUO Jin-lei(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing,Jiangsu211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,南京211189

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期34-43,F0003,共11页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题(GJ2022D30)。

摘　　要：职务犯罪侦查权的转隶不仅致使检察机关传统强势业务遭受挫折,也使民事检察和行政检察的畸形发展样态愈加凸显。对此,检察制度改革应坚持“法律监督机关”的宪法定位不动摇,并将检察权之宪制定性明确为“法律监督权”。但主要局限于“诉讼监督”乃至“刑事诉讼监督”的检察惯性,则明显与“法律监督”的宪法界定相抵牾。实则,“一般监督”作为列宁法律监督思想的核心内容,已然内化为中国特色社会主义检察制度的历史经验,对补足上述缺憾具有重要意义。然而,干涉私主体意思自治的制度风险及检察资源有限的现实状况,则是慎重全面回归“一般监督”的主要考量。基于此,检察机关应以“履行法律监督职责过程中发现的违法犯罪”为限制要件,在“四大检察”工作中形成“有限一般监督”的改革进路,有力推动新时代法律监督工作之质效提升。The transfer of duty crime investigation power not only causes the traditional strong work of procuratorial organs to suffer setbacks,but also makes the abnormal development of civil and administrative procuratorial more prominent.In this regard,the reform of the procuratorial system should adhere to the constitutional position of"legal supervision organ",and define the constitutional nature of the procuratorial power as"legal supervision power".However,the prosecutorial inertia which is mainly limited to"litigation supervision"and even"criminal litigation supervision",obviously contradicts the constitutional definition of"legal supervision".As the core content of Lenin's legal supervision thought,"general supervision"has been internalized into the historical experience of the socialist procuratorial system with Chinese characteristics,which is of great significance to make up for the above shortcomings.However,the institutional risk of interfering with the autonomy of private subjects and the reality of limited procuratorial resources are the main considerations for the prudent and comprehensive return to"general supervision".Based on this,the procuratorial organs should take"violations and crimes found in the process of performing their legal supervision duties"as the restrictive elements,form the reform route of"limited general supervision"in the"four major procuratorial work"so as to promote the quality and efficiency of the legal supervision work in the new era.

关 键 词：法律监督机关 法律监督权 列宁法律监督思想 四大检察 有限一般监督 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]