“自觉”与“不自觉”:意识形态虚假性生成动力的再思考  

“Consciousness”and“Unconsciousness”:Rethinking the Dynamics of Ideological Falsity Generation

作　　者：刘伟[1] 李娅萌 LIU Wei;LI Ya-meng(School of Marxism,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院,上海200240

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期106-112,共7页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(18CKS003);上海市哲学社会科学规划基金青年项目(2022EKS004)。

摘　　要：在马克思恩格斯的思想中,意识形态的虚假性具有特定的主体指向和语境依赖,指向的是资产阶级意识形态,其典型呈现样态是自觉的欺骗性和不自觉的颠倒性,因而不能将其看作是一般意识形态的普遍特征。其中,自觉的欺骗性源于意识形态家维护资产阶级特殊利益的需要,体现为意识形态家为资产阶级政权合法性做论证的目标自觉、对意识形态内容进行生产与维护的理论自觉以及进行意识形态宣传教化的实践自觉;不自觉的颠倒性源于意识形态家无法认清自身理论生产的时代局限,并不可避免地受到社会局限、认知局限和实践局限的干扰,为资本主义社会现实颠倒性所迷惑、唯心主义思维方式倒置性所羁绊、阶级利益实现结果反转性所误导。厘清意识形态虚假性生成的自觉与不自觉维度,对于我们辨明资本主义意识形态的本质特征、掌握意识形态生产的一般作用机制、推动科学合理的意识形态建设具有重要的思想启发。In the ideological context of Marx and Engels,the falsity of ideology has a specific subject orientation and context dependence,pointing to the bourgeois ideology whose typical presentation patterns are conscious deception and unconscious inversion,and thus cannot be regarded as a universal characteristic of general ideology.Among them,the conscious deceitfulness stems from the ideologists?need to defend the special interests of the bourgeoisie,which is reflected in the ideologists?self-consciousness of the goal to justify the legitimacy of the bourgeois regime,theoretical self-consciousness to produce and defend the ideological content,and practical self-consciousness to carry out ideological propaganda and indoctrination.The unconscious invertedness stems from the ideologists?inability to recognize the limitations of their own theoretical production and their inevitable.They are confused by the inverted nature of capitalist social reality and idealistic thinking and misled by the reversal of the results of the realization of class interests.Clarifying the conscious and unconscious dimensions of ideological falsity is an important inspiration for us to identify the essential characteristics of capitalist ideology,grasp the general mechanism of ideological production,and promote the construction of a scientific and rational ideology.

关 键 词：意识形态家 意识形态生产 虚假性 生成动力 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]