研究生实验能力培养的教学新模式  

作　　者：张素侠[1] 刘习军[1] 钟顺[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学,天津300154

出　　处：《高教学刊》2023年第14期43-46,51,共5页Journal of Higher Education

基　　金：2014年度国家自然科学基金项目“考虑松弛-张紧效应时深海系缆-平台耦合运动及稳定性研究”(51479136);2019年度天津市线上线下混合式一流建设课程项目“工程振动与测试(振动力学)”(无编号);2018年度天津市自然科学基金项目“细长柔性体畸变模型的非线性修正规律研究”(JCYBJC18700);天津大学研究生创新人才培养项目“以《线性振动》课程为例的案例式教学探讨”(YCX202238)。

摘　　要：实验能力是工科专业研究生的重要科研能力之一。随着研究生教育的发展,出现学硕和专硕等不同的研究生类型,从而提出具有创新实验能力和面向工程解决实际问题能力的人才需求,因此对实验教学提出更高要求。该文针对新形势下实验能力培养中出现的基础差异和培养目的差异性问题、实验教学对实验室在时间和空间上的依赖性问题以及新工科背景下多学科交叉融合问题的求解等问题,提出线上线下混合式的研究生实验教学新模式,从研究生的基本理论和实验操作技能、创新实验的设计实施、科学实验与工程的联系、多领域交叉融合实验的设计等4个方面提升实验能力。实践表明,新模式下的教学使学生的学习实现从感性到理性的升华和从浅显到深刻的递进,既提高实验操作能力和实验水平,又增强趣味性,研究生实验能力得到显著提高。该文的研究成果推进研究生混合式教学的发展,为创新型人才培养提供实践的平台。Experimental ability is one of the important research abilities for graduate students majoring in engineering.With the development of graduate education,different types of graduate students appear,such as master of science and master of engineering,which put forward the demand for talents with innovative experimental ability and engineering oriented ability to solve practical problems.Therefore,higher requirements are suggested for experimental teaching.In this paper,we focus on the basic differences and differences in the cultivation of experimental ability in the new situation,the dependence of experimental teaching on the laboratory in time and space,and the solution of interdisciplinary integration problems in the new engineering background,and propose a new mode of online and offline hybrid experimental teaching for graduate students,which improves the experimental ability from three aspects:the basic theory and experimental operation skills of graduate students,the design and implementation of innovative experiments,and the connection between scientific experiments and engineering.The practice shows that the teaching under the new mode makes the students'learning realize the sublimation from sensibility to rationality and the progression from simple to profound.It not only improves the experimental operation ability and experimental level,but also enhances the interest.The experimental ability of graduate students has been significantly improved.The research results of this paper promote the development of mixed teaching for graduate students and provide a platform for the cultivation of innovative talents.

关 键 词：实验能力 研究生 线上线下混合式教学模式 人才培养 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]