上海市养老助餐设施匹配以及空间分布研究  

Research on the Matching and Spatial Distribution of Meal-Aid Service for the Elderly in Shanghai

作　　者：黄骁然 公丕欣 张勃 HUANG Xiaoran;GONG Pixin;ZHANG Bo

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学建筑与艺术学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2023年第2期30-37,共8页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52208039);国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2020YFF0304900);北京市教育委员会科学研究计划资助项目(KM202210009008)。

摘　　要：目前,社区居家养老模式承担着主要的养老服务职责。作为该模式的重要组成部分,助餐设施的空间分布与老年人口需求是否相匹配,事关老年人能否享受到便捷价廉的用餐服务。当前我国关于养老助餐的研究较少,尤其是关注养老助餐设施与老年人口匹配程度的研究仍然存在一定程度的空缺。本文拟解决的科学问题在于:基于生活圈尺度视角,研究上海市助餐设施的服务能力与老年人口现实需求匹配程度,划定分割标准进行助餐可达性评价,并且计算各小区目前的助餐设施缺失数量。基于以上研究问题,本研究使用高斯两步移动搜索法,分别对9种不同时间阈值的研究单元,计算助餐设施数量与老年人口的匹配程度,同时对单元尺度进行敏感性分析和适宜性评价。对于可达性计算数值,进行描述统计、精准划定、多行政层级集计以及空间集聚模式分析。研究发现,上海市各小区的助餐服务的建设极不均衡,助餐服务与老年人口的适配体现出空间分异的特点:呈现高值分布的小区主要集中在嘉定区附近,而低值分布主要以中心区为主;在不同空间作用域的阈值设定下,有部分小区会受到较大影响,主要分布在城市边缘区域,而中心区受影响较小。本研究从社区尺度出发,立足于在地养老的助餐服务问题,揭示了上海市小区生活圈内助餐设施分布的不均衡问题,为完善社区助餐服务、维护社会公平提供了重要的依据,也为相关公共资源分配的定量研究提供了可借鉴的范式。At present,the community-based home care model bears the main responsibility for elderly care services.The distribution of meal service facilities,as an important part of this model,matching the needs of the elderly population is crucial for seniors to enjoy convenient and affordable dining services.However,related research is still limited in China,particularly in terms of the matching degree between meal service facilities and the elderly population.This study aims to resolve the following scientific problems:from a life circle scale perspective,whether the capacity of the meal service facilities matches the actual needs of the senior population in Shanghai;how to define the segmentation criteria for evaluating meal service accessibility levels,and how to calculate the current meal service facility deficiencies in each community.Using the Gaussian two-step floating search method,we calculated the matching degree between meal service facilities and the elderly population for nine research units with different time thresholds.We also conducted sensitivity analysis and suitability evaluation for different research unit scales.For accessibility calculation values,descriptive statistics,accurate delimitation,multi-administrative level aggregation,and spatial agglomeration analysis are carried out.The study reveals that:there is spatial differentiation in the accessibility distribution of elderly meal assistance facilities in Shanghai.Elderly meal assistance facilities in residential areas located at the city’s periphery have relatively better accessibility,while those in the city center have lower accessibility values.Even when the research unit scale is expanded,many residential areas still have poor accessibility to meal assistance facilities;after comparing nine research unit scales,we found that a time threshold of 40 minutes for evaluating meal assistance accessibility is less affected and more suitable than using a 15-minute life circle threshold;although the number of meal assistance facilities constructed

关 键 词：养老助餐 两步移动搜索 空间自相关 可达性 生活圈 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]