低播量下杂交稻产量形成对种植均匀度的响应  

Response of Yield Formation of Hybrid Rice to Planting Uniformity under Low Seeding Rate

作　　者：李慧 兰天明[1,2] 陈惠哲 张玉屏[1] 武辉[2] 向镜 张义凯[1] 王志刚[1] 王亚梁[1] LI Hui;LAN Tianming;CHEN Huizhe;ZHANG Yuping;WU Hui;XIANG Jing;ZHANG Yikai;WANG Zhigang;WANG Yaliang(China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310006,China;Yibin University,Yibin,Sichuan 644000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,浙江杭州310006 [2]宜宾学院,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《作物研究》2023年第2期99-103,109,共6页Crop Research

基　　金：宁波市科技计划项目(2019B10003);浙江省尖兵领雁项目(2022CO2034);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300700);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-02A)。

摘　　要：杂交稻低播量机插种植苗数不均匀对群体构建不利。为明确种植苗数均匀度对杂交稻产量的影响,以籼粳杂交稻甬优1540和籼型杂交稻中浙优8号为供试品种,在平均每穴苗数为2.4~2.5的条件下,设置3个种植均匀度处理,分别为70%~80%(高种植均匀度),50%~60%(中种植均匀度),30%~40%(低种植均匀度),考察不同处理下群体分蘖动态、干物质积累和产量形成的变化。结果表明:(1)提高种植均匀度提高了高峰苗数,但不同种植均匀度处理对成穗率影响不大;(2)不同种植均匀度处理对单茎干物质积累影响不大,但通过高种植均匀度提高了群体干物质积累;(3)提高种植均匀度通过提高有效穗数进而提高产量,但高、中种植均匀度下产量无显著差异,而与低种植均匀度相比,高种植均匀度显著提高了产量。提高种植苗数均匀度能提高低播量下杂交稻的产量,这为促进杂交稻低播量机插实现高产提供了技术支持。Machine transplanting seedling distribution uniformity made bad effect on rice population establishment,in order to ascertain the effect of planting uniformity on yield formation of hybrid rice.Indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 1540 and indica hybrid rice Zhongzheyou8 were used in the study,and three planting uniformity treatments were set under the condition of the average 2.4-2.5 seedlings per hill as follows:70%-80%(high planting uniformity),50%-60%(medium planting uniformity),30%-40%(low planting uniformity).The changes of rice population tillering dynamics,dry matter accumulation and yield formation under different treatments were investigated.The results showed that:(1)Increasing the planting uniformity increased the number of tillers at tillering peak stage,there was no significant influence on different planting uniformity on productive tiller percentage.(2)Different planting uniformity treatments made little effect on dry matter accumulation of single tiller,the dry matter accumulation of rice population was enhanced by increasing planting uniformity.(3)Increasing planting uniformity improved the yield by increasing the number of productive tillers,there was no significant difference in yield between high planting uniformity and medium planting uniformity treatments,while high planting uniformity significantly improved the yield compared to low planting uniformity.In conclusion,increasing the planting uniformity contributed to enhance the hybrid rice yield under low seeding rates,which provided a technology method for achieving high yield of machine transplanting in hybrid rice under low seeding rate.

关 键 词：杂交稻 播种量 种植均匀度 产量形成 

分 类 号：S511.045[农业科学—作物学]