两湖地区中稻产量和效益的影响因素分析——基于344个水稻种植农户的调查  

Analysis of Grian Yield and Benefit of Mid-season Rice Planting in the Plain of Hubei and Hunan——Based on an Investigation of 344 Farm Households

作　　者：郭展 张运波[1] GUO Zhan;ZHANG Yunbo(MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部长江中游作物绿色高效生产重点实验室(部省共建)/长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《作物研究》2023年第2期161-166,共6页Crop Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32172108);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300108)。

摘　　要：基于湖南和湖北两省344个水稻种植农户的调查数据,采用柯布—道格拉斯生产函数,利用OLS模型分析方法,预估影响两湖地区水稻产量和效益的因素及其效应。结果表明:劳动力老龄化和教育水平低下对我国水稻生产存在负向影响;扩大种植规模能够显著提高水稻种植效益,但农村劳动力的大量流失迫切需要机械化程度进一步提高;水稻品种和种植方式对水稻产量无明显贡献;施肥方式对水稻产量有正效应;抽穗扬花期温度对水稻产量造成显著影响,持续高温天气不利于产量形成。建议少施化肥,增施有机肥,合理追施氮肥和磷钾肥,保证水稻生产所需养分;通过深施肥和新型肥料等途径提高肥料利用率;选用耐高温品种,适当调整播期;进一步倡导规模化和机械化种植。Based on the survey data of 344 rice farmers in Hunan and Hubei Provinces,this paper adopted the cobb-douglas production function and OLS model analysis method to estimate the factors and effects affecting the rice yield in the plain of Hubei and Hunan.The results showed that:aging of the labor force and the low level of education had a negative impact on China's rice production;The expansion of planting scale can significantly improve the efficiency of rice planting,but a large number of losses of rural labor force urgently need to further deepen the degree of mechanization;Planting varieties and planting methods had no significant contribution to the yield of the Hubei and Hunan plain;Fertilization methods had a positive effect on rice yield in the plain of Hubei and Hunan plain.The temperature at seedling stage and heading stage would have a significant effect on rice yield of the Hubei and Hunan plain.Apply less inorganic fertilizer,more organic fertilizer,and reasonably topdressing nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to ensure the nutrients needed for rice production,improve fertilizer use efficiency through deep fertilization and new fertilizers,select high temperature resistant varieties and adjust the sowing date properly and promote large-scale and mechanized planting further.

关 键 词：中稻 产量 经济效益 影响因素 两湖地区 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]