盐胁迫下粉蕉植株营养元素的吸收与分布特征  

Characteristics of Uptake and Distribution of Nutrient Elements in Pisang Awak Plants under Salt Stress

作　　者：王蕾 兰柳艳 罗晓慧 沈欢 蒋潇 武鹏[3] WANG Lei;LAN Liuyan;LUO Xiaohui;SHEN Huan;JIANG Xiao;WU Peng(Hezhou Inspection and Testing Center,Hezhou,Guangxi 542800,China;Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture,Nan-ning,Guangxi 530007,China;Biotechnology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]贺州市检验检测中心,广西贺州542800 [2]广西农业职业技术大学,广西南宁530007 [3]广西农业科学院生物技术研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第4期724-729,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(No.AA22068090);广西自然科学基金项目(No.2021GXNSFBA075045);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(No.CARS-31)。

摘　　要：盐胁迫是农业中阻碍植物正常生长的常见因子。广西南端具有面向南海的绵长海岸线,海岸线上广泛种植香蕉,海水常常倒灌进陆地,造成高浓度的盐胁迫。每年8—9月为台风高发期,从南海上形成的水汽随台风进入内陆,则会引起低浓度的盐胁迫。本研究以粉蕉为研究对象,测定盐胁迫下粉蕉植株各部位的营养元素和土壤成分,研究营养元素的吸收与分布特征,分析其耐盐机制。结果显示:当土壤的盐浓度为0.01%时,各部位的营养元素含量与对照差异不显著;当盐浓度>0.01%时,随着盐浓度的升高,各部位的全氮、全磷、全钾、全镁和全钙均呈逐渐下降的趋势,这表明较高浓度的盐处理降低了粉蕉从土壤中吸收养分的能力,但叶片的全镁、全钙含量下降速度较其他部位慢,且下降比例也小于其他部位,这表明叶片可能具有选择性吸收Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的能力;当盐浓度>0.01%时,根和假茎中的Cl、Na含量快速升高,且升高速度和幅度远大于叶片和球茎,因此,研究认为粉蕉耐盐机制是将较多的Cl、Na贮存于根部以及Cl、Na在向叶片运输过程中被茎吸收。当盐浓度>0.2%时,土壤的碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量呈逐渐下降的趋势,表明高浓度的盐分对根远处土壤的矿质离子向根附近土壤的流动造成了阻碍。研究结果可为广西粉蕉在遭受海水倒灌以及台风天气时各部位的元素变化及土壤成分的变化提供数据基础。Salt damage is a common factor that hinders the normal growth of plants in agriculture.The southern end of Guangxi has a long coastline facing the South China Sea.Bananas are widely planted on the coastline.Seawater is often poured into the land,causing high concentrations of salt stress.Every year from August to September is the high-incidence period of typhoons.The water vapor formed from the South China Sea enters the inland with the typhoon,which will cause low-concentration salt stress.In this paper,taking Pisang Awak as the research material,the nutrient elements and soil components of each part of the Pisang Awak plant under salt stress were measured,the absorption and distribution characteristics of the elements were studied,and the mechanism of salt tolerance was analyzed.The results showed that:when the salt concentration of soil was 0.01%,the nutrient element content of each part was not signifi-cantly different from that of the control;when the salt concentration was greater than 0.01%,with the increase of the salt concentration,the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,total magnesium and total calcium showed a de-creasing trend,indicating that the higher concentration of salt stress reduced the ability of Pisang Awak to absorb nutrients from the soil,but the total magnesium and total calcium content of leaves decreased more slowly than those of oth-er parts,and the proportion of the decline was lower.It was also lower than those of other parts,indicating that the leaves might have the ability to selectively absorb Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+);when the salt concentration was greater than 0.01%,the Cl and Na contents of roots and pseudostems increased rapidly,and the increase speed and amplitude were much greater than those of leaves and bulbs.Therefore,it is believed that the mechanism of salt tolerance of Pisang Awak is that more Cl and Na were stored in the root and that Cl and Na were absorbed by the stem during the transportation to the leaves.When the salt concentration was greater than 0.2%,the

关 键 词：盐胁迫 粉蕉 营养元素 耐盐机制 分布特征 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]