6个高州油茶无性系叶片形态结构及耐热性比较  

Comparison of Leaf Morphological Structure and Heat Tolerance of Six Camellia gauchowensis Chang Clones

作　　者：刘慧斌 朱周俊 赵君茹 卢元贤 吴凯 袁德义[1,2] LIU Huibin;ZHU Zhoujun;ZHAO Junru;LU Yuanxian;WU Kai;YUAN Deyi(Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Cultivation and Protection,Ministry of Education,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Breeding and Cultivation State Forestry Ad-ministration,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;Qingyuan Guzhen Tea Oil Development Co.,Ltd.,Qingyuan,Guangdong 511500,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [3]清远市古朕茶油发展有限公司,广东清远511500

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第4期737-745,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：湖南省林业种苗专项(No.2021-5)。

摘　　要：研究高州油茶耐热性的评价指标体系以及筛选出耐热性强的品种,为耐热性品种的选育和栽培提供理论依据。以6个高州油茶无性系为试材,采用石蜡切片技术、指甲印迹法和图像软件分析,测量叶片形态、解剖结构和叶片气孔相关的14项指标,运用SPSS软件进行聚类分析和相关性分析,筛选出影响耐热性的主要指标,运用Excel软件分析平均隶属函数,并进行耐热性综合评价和排序。结果表明:高州油茶叶片由上下表皮细胞、叶肉组织细胞和主脉组成,叶片为异面叶,上表皮厚度大于下表皮厚度,气孔分布在下表皮,栅栏组织1~2层,排列紧密,海绵组织排列疏松,主脉主要由上下表皮和紧密排列的维管束组成。6个高州油茶无性系叶片形态和解剖结构均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。通过系统聚类将14项指标划分为4类,即第1类包括叶长、叶宽和叶面积;第2类包括叶厚、栅栏组织厚度、叶片结构紧实度和栅海比;第3类包括上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、叶片结构疏松度、海绵组织厚度和气孔密度;第4类包括主脉厚度和维管束厚度。对4类中指标间的相关系数进行分析得出高州油茶耐热性的典型指标,即叶面积、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和维管束厚度,对4个典型指标运用隶属函数公式计算,根据平均隶属度的大小进行综合计算和排序,6个高州油茶无性系耐热性大小顺序为:A16>A5>HMZ24>A11>HM19>HMZ25。影响高州油茶耐热性的叶片指标主要是叶面积、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和维管束组织厚度,以某一项的指标进行分析时差异较大,通过隶属函数法进行综合比较分析,能够反映出高州油茶的耐热性差异。The evaluation index system of heat resistance of Camellia gauchowensis Chang was studied to screen out varieties with strong heat resistance,and to provide theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of heat resistant varieties.Using six Camellia gauchowensis Chang clones as the test materials,14 leaf morpholog,anatomical structure and leaf stoma related indexes were measured by image software analysis,paraffin section and nail polish blotting methods.Cluster analysis and correlation analysis were performed by SPSS software to screen out the main indicators related to heat resistance.The average membership function was calculated by EXCEL software for comprehensive evaluation of heat resistance and ranking.The leaves of C.gauchowensis Chang were composed of upper and lower epidermal cells,mesophyll tissue cells and leaf midribs.The leaf was ectopic leaves,the thickness of the upper epidermis was greater than that of the lower epidermis,the stomata was distributed in the lower epidermis,the palisade tissue was closely arranged 1-2 layers,and the spongy tissue was loosely arranged.leaf midribs were mainly composed of upper and lower epidermis and closely arranged vascular bundles.There were significant differences in leaf morphology and anatomical structure among the six clones(P<0.05).The 14 indicators were divided into four categories by systematic clustering.Leaf length,leaf width and leaf area were in the first category,leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,leaf structure compactness and palisade-sea ratio were in the second category,thickness of the upper epidermis,the thickness of the lower epidermis,leaf structure porosity,sponge tissue thickness and stomatal density were in the third category,and thickness of the leaf midrib and the thickness of the vascular bundle were in forth category.Leaf area,palisade tis-sue thickness,spongy tissue thickness and vascular bundle thickness were found to be the typical indicators of heat re-sistance of C.gauchowensis Chang by correlation coefficients analysis.

关 键 词：高州油茶 叶片 解剖结构 耐热性 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]