太行山东北部豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)秋季生境利用研究  

Studies on the autumn habitat utilization of leopard cat(Prionailurus bengalensis)in Northeastern Taihang Mountains

作　　者：向荣伟 吴佳忆 曾凡刚[1] 卜向丽 王静[1] 鲁庆斌 郝映红 盛岩[1] 孟秀祥[1,4] XIANG Rongwei;WU Jiayi;ZENG Fangang;BU Xiangli;WANG Jing;LU Qingbin;HAO Yinghong;SHENG Yan;MENG Xiuxiang(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Zhejiang Agriculture&Forestry University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Wenyuhe National Wetland Reserve,Shahe 030500,China;School of Animal Science,Xichang University,Xichang 615000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [2]浙江农林大学动物科技学院,杭州311300 [3]山西交城县山西文峪河国家湿地公园管理局,沙河030500 [4]西昌学院动物科学学院,西昌615000

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第3期1-7,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32170489,32211530443);生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：深入了解动物的生境利用特征是对野生动物及其生境进行就地保护的前提和基础。于2019年9月15日至11月15日期间,结合红外相机陷阱技术和生境样地调查,对太行山东北部的豹猫秋季利用生境进行了对照取样。记录了生境的海拔、乔木胸径及距水源距离等20个生境变量,比较了豹猫利用生境(n=39)和非利用生境(n=141)的群落结构差异。结果表明:同非利用生境相比,太行山东北部豹猫偏好选择海拔较高(791.36±80.94)m、坡上位(53.80%)、乔木胸径较大(22.11±3.85)cm、株数较少(6.90±1.50)株、郁闭度较大(49.65%±2.60%)、灌木较高(1.31±0.11)m、灌木盖度较大(51.30%)、枯草盖度较大(18.97%±4.71%)、土壤较湿润(87.20%)、距水源距离较近(66.70%)、距社区距离较近(61.50%)和距人为干扰较近(71.80%)的生境。此外,豹猫偏好生境变量主成分分析结果表明,生境的乔木特征(乔木胸径、乔木高度和乔木郁闭度)、人为干扰(坡位、距社区距离和距干扰距离)、海拔及距水源距离是影响豹猫秋季生境利用的关键因素,反映了该区域豹猫秋季对食物、安全性和水源的生态需求。Understanding the habitat utilization characteristics of wildlife is the precondition and basis for in situ conservation of wildlife and their habitats.From September 15th to November 15th,2019,the habitat surveying was conducted based on the infrared camera trap technology.Twenty habitat variables such as altitude,DBH of arbor and distance of water were recorded,and the differences between used plots(n=39)and random plots(n=141)were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and chi-square test.The results showed that:compared with the random plots,leopard cats in Northeastern Taihang Mountains preferred habitats with higher altitude(791.36±80.94)m,upper slope(53.80%),thicker DBH(22.11±3.85)cm,fewer trees(6.90±1.50)per400 m–2,higher canopy(49.65%±2.60%),higher shrub(1.31±0.11)m,more shrub coverage(51.30%),more withered grass coverage(18.97%±4.71%),higher soil moisture(87.20%),closer to water source(66.70%),closer to community distance(61.50%)and closer to human disturbance(71.80%).In addition,the principal component analysis on the utilized habitat variables of the leopard cats showed that the arbor features(DBH,height and canopy density),human disturbance(slope position,distance from community and distance from disturbance),altitude and water source distance were the critical factors affecting leopard cats’habitat selection,which reflected demands of leopard cats for food,safety and water in this area in autumn.

关 键 词：豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis) 太行山东北段 生境利用 红外相机监测 主成分分析 

分 类 号：Q959.842.08[生物学—动物学]