湖南大通湖大型底栖动物群落结构特征与水质评价  

Characteristics of macrofauna community and bioassessment of water quality in the Datong Lake,Hunan,China

作　　者：卢鑫 梁婷 徐菁 李春华[2] 魏伟伟[2] 刘晓收[1,3] LU Xin;LIANG Ting;XU Jing;LI Chunhua;WEI Weiwei;LIU Xiaoshou(College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science,Beijing 100012,China;Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,青岛266003 [2]中国环境科学研究院,湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京100012 [3]中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化研究所,青岛266003

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第3期8-16,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41976131);生态环境部“生物多样性调查、观测和评估”专项。

摘　　要：大通湖是湖南省内最大的淡水养殖湖。为了解大通湖大型底栖动物的群落结构特征和环境质量状况,于2019年6月在大通湖水域设置15个站位进行现场调查,对底栖动物的种类组成、多样性以及群落结构进行分析,并利用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、生物指数(BI)和Goodnight-Whitley指数(IGW)对大通湖水质状况进行评价。本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物3门5纲32种,其中软体动物优势种为铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa),节肢动物优势种为孤雌拟长跗摇蚊(Paratanytarsus grimmii),环节动物优势种为瑞士水丝蚓(Limnodrilus helveticus)、克拉泊水丝蚓(Limnodrilus claparedianus)、霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)和前囊管水蚓(Aulodrilus prothecatus)。各调查站位Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(J')、丰富度指数(d)范围分别为1.51—3.62、0.58—0.94、0.63—2.30。与1997年及2008—2009年的历史数据相比,软体动物种类、丰度和生物量均有所下降,软体动物优势种群呈现由双壳类向腹足类演替的趋势。生物指数(BI)及IGW指数均显示大通湖大部分站位处于中污染—重污染状态,部分站位为轻污染,而Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')显示大部分站位为轻污染。The Datong Lake is the largest freshwater aquaculture lake in Hunan Province.The macrofauna community and the environmental quality status were investigated in the Datong Lake in June 2019.Species composition,diversity and community structure of macrofauna were analyzed.The water quality was assessed by Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'),biological index(BI)and Goodnight-Whitley index(IGW).A total of 32 species,belonging to 5 classes,3 phyla were recorded.The dominant species were Bellamya aeruginosa,Paratanytarsus grimmii,Limnodrilus helveticus,Limnodrilus claparedianus,Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri,and Aulodrilus prothecatus.The values of Shannon-Wiener diversity,species evenness index and richness index were 1.51-3.62,0.58-0.94 and 0.63-2.30,respectively.Compared with the historical data investigated in 1997 and 2008-2009,the species number,abundance and biomass of mollusks decreased,and the dominant group of mollusks showed a trend of succession from Bivalvia to Gastropoda.Assessment results by BI and IGW showed that most sites were in medium-heavy pollution status,and some sites were in light pollution status,while results of Shannon-Wiener index showed that most sites were in light pollution status.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 生物多样性 生物指数 环境质量评价 大通湖 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]