长江中游典型稻田种植模式的经济效益及土壤固氮能力比较  

Comparison of economic benefits and soil nitrogen fixation capacity of typical paddy field planting patterns in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：袁嘉欣 杨滨娟[1] 黄国勤[1] YUAN Jiaxin;YANG Binjuan;HUANG Guoqin(Research Center on Ecological Science,College of Agronomy,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学生态科学研究中心/江西农业大学农学院,南昌330045

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第3期143-152,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0300208);国家自然科学基金(41661070);中国工程院咨询研究课题(2017-XZ-28-03)。

摘　　要：为研究比较长江中游地区稻田不同种植模式的经济效益和土壤氮素固持能力,设置紫云英-早稻-晚稻(CRR,CK)、紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆(CRI)、油菜-早稻-晚稻(RRR)、油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆(RRI)、马铃薯-早稻-晚稻(PRR)5种稻田典型种植模式进行田间定位试验。结果表明,与CK相比,两年内,RRI、PRR、RRR、CRI模式均能增加作物产量,增幅为16.40%—32.85%和21.04%—49.60%(P<0.05),且均是RRI、PRR模式的作物产量较高。RRI和PRR模式的经济效益较好,分别显著高出对照30.27%、44.15%和65.13%、51.38%(P<0.05)。CRI、RRI模式显著提高了土壤微生物量氮的含量,增幅为53.57%—58.85%(P<0.05),降低了微生物量C/N。此外,与CK相比,CRI、RRI模式显著降低了土壤硝态氮的残留,降幅为48.35%—69.23%(P<0.05)。综上所述,RRI模式和马铃薯模式(PRR)能提高作物产量,增加氮素有效输出,提高经济效益,CRI、RRI模式更能增强土壤微生物氮素固持能力,降低土壤氮素流失风险。可见油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆和马铃薯-早稻-晚稻模式的增产、增收、固氮等综合效果较好,可以在长江中游地区推广应用。In order to compare the economic benefits and soil nitrogen fixation capacity of different planting patterns in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,five typical paddy field cropping patterns were set up for field positioning test,including Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice(CRR,CK),rape-early rice-late rice(RRR),potato-early rice-late rice(PRR),Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean(CRI),rape-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean(RRI).The results showed that,compared with CK,RRI,PRR,RRR,CRI increased rice yield by 16.40%-32.85%and 21.04%-49.60%(P<0.05).The crop yields of RRI and PRR were higher.The economic benefits of RRI and PRR were better,which were significantly higher than CK by 30.27%,44.15%and 65.13%,51.38%respectively(P<0.05).Compared with that of CK,the content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen in CRI and RRI was increased by 53.57%-58.85%(P<0.05),and the microbial biomass C/N ratio was decreased.In addition,compared with CK,CRI,RRI reduced soil No3-N residue,the content of soil nitrate nitrogen in CRI and RRI was reduced by 48.35%-69.23%(P<0.05).Among them,RRI and PRR pattern could increase crop yield,enhance the effective output of nitrogen and economic benefits.Paddy upland rotation treatment enhanced soil microbial nitrogen fixation potential and reduced the risk of soil nitrogen loss.So,rape-early rice-sweet potato||late soybean and potato-early rice-late rice have a better comprehensive effect of increase yield,economic benefits and nitrogen fixation,which can be popularized and applied in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River.

关 键 词：稻田 种植模式 水旱轮作 经济效益 土壤氮素 土壤微生物量 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]