轴向间距对贯流式水轮机水力性能的影响  

Influence of axial spacing on hydraulic performance of tubular turbine

作　　者：杨孙圣[1] 方恬 PUNIT Singh 周成[1] 赵尔策 王桃[3] YANG Sunsheng;FANG Tian;PUNIT Singh;ZHOU Cheng;ZHAO Erce;WANG Tao(National Research Center of Pumps,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212013,China;Centre for Sustainable Technologies,Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore,Karnataka 560012,India;Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery,Ministry of Education,Xihua University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610039,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学国家水泵及系统工程技术研究中心,江苏镇江212013 [2]印度科学院可持续技术中心,卡纳塔克班加罗尔560012 [3]西华大学流体及动力机械教育部重点实验室,四川成都610039

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2023年第4期338-345,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20180876);四川省教育厅重大培育项目(18CZ0016);西华大学校重点项目(Z2010810)。

摘　　要：为了寻找贯流式水轮机中导叶与转轮轴向间距的合理取值,在保证其结构紧凑性的同时,获得良好的水力性能,在其他主要参数不变的情况下,通过试验与数值计算相结合的方法,分别对导叶与转轮之间轴向间距s值为30,40,50,60和70 mm的微贯流式水轮机模型进行全流场数值计算,研究轴向间距对贯流式水轮机水力性能的影响.结果表明:水轮机的水头随着轴向间距的增大而增加,水轮机的轴功率随着轴向间距的增大呈现先上升后稳定的趋势;综合各流量条件,水轮机通常在适中的轴向间距下取得较高的效率,该模型在s=40 mm时效率达到最高.选择适中的轴向间距可以改善转轮叶片表面压力分布和流态;过大的轴向间距会导致转轮进口发生负撞击,出现脱流现象;转轮出口的湍动能随着轴向间距的扩大而减小.在最优工况下,轴向间距从30 mm扩大至70 mm的过程中,转轮内部的水力损失逐渐增加,增加幅度达到15.6%,而出水管中的水力损失则减小了19.7%,总水力损失呈增加趋势.综合考虑,选用s=40 mm作为最终方案.In order to find a reasonable value for the axial distance between the guide vane and the runner in the tubular turbine,as well as obtaining good hydraulic performance while ensuring its compact structure,the numerical calculation of the full flow field was carried out for the micro-tubular turbine models with axial distance s of 30,40,50,60 and 70 mm between the guide vane and the runner to study the influence of axial spacing on the hydraulic performance of a tubular turbine by combining numerical calculation and experiments.The results show that the water head of the turbine increases with the expansion of the axial distance,and the axial(shaft)power of the hydraulic turbine increases first and then stabilizes with the expansion of the axial distance.Considering various flow conditions,higher efficiency is obtained,and the efficiency of the model reaches the maximum when s=40 mm.Choosing appropriate axial spacing can improve the pressure distribution and flow pattern on the surface of runner blades.Excessive axial spacing will cause negative impact at the inlet of the runner and result in flow separation.The turbulent kinetic energy at the outlet of the runner decreases with the increase of axial spacing.under optimal working conditions,when the axial spacing is expanded from 30 mm to 70 mm,the hydraulic loss inside the runner gradually increases by 15.6%,while the hydraulic loss in the outlet pipe decreases by 19.7%,and the total hydraulic loss shows an increasing trend.Considering comprehensively,s=40 mm is selected as the final scheme.

关 键 词：贯流水轮机 轴向间距 水力性能 数值模拟 试验研究 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]