武警部队基层官兵关于热射病认知及救治能力的现状调查分析  

Cognition and management ability of heat stroke among grassroots officers and soldiers of the Armed Police Force

作　　者：刘莉 任晋宏 聂晶 马铁柱 孙艳 李建军 Liu Li;Ren Jinhong;Nie Jing;Ma Tiezhu;Sun Yan;Li Jianjun(Department of Neurocritical Medicine,Characteristic Medical Center of PAP,Tianjin 300162,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心,天津300162

出　　处：《创伤外科杂志》2023年第5期326-329,366,共5页Journal of Traumatic Surgery

基　　金：2021年军队护理创新与培育项目(2021HL106)。

摘　　要：目的对武警部队基层官兵进行热射病认知及现场救治能力现状调查,为针对性地开展热射病相关知识宣讲及完善现场救治策略提供依据。方法2022年5-8月对武警部队基层医务人员、特战队员及后勤保障人员共计662人进行问卷调查,收回合格问卷639份。调查内容包括调查对象的基本信息、热射病知晓途径、相关知识知晓率及现场救治现状等,对调查结果进行分析。结果(1)基层官兵获取热射病相关知识的主要途径来源于理论授课(36.4%);热射病现场救治关键措施知晓率为78.2%,热射病诊断要点、核心体温监测及现场降温目标知晓率偏低,分别为42.4%、23.0%、9.5%,且在不同职称及战位人员中差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)基层部队测量体温的方式主要为腋温47.9%及额温30.8%,而接近核心温度的耳温及肛温的监测仅为16.5%、0.6%;降温措施中持续扇风、冷水喷洒、冰敷分别为20.4%、18.2%、25.4%,而降温速率快的冷水浸润、冷床单/油布包裹、低温液体输注等措施仅为15.5%、9.4%、7.6%;常备医用降温物资中冰块(袋)、冰帽(枕)、电风扇等降温设备分别为32.2%、24.7%、20.2%,快速降温所需的浴盆/水池、冷床单/油布、冰毯等仅为11.1%、9.5%、2.3%;现场救治主要困难为救护人员核心知识掌握不全、降温设备/物资缺乏以及已有热射病救治流程操作性不强,分别为32.8%、26.6%、20.3%。结论武警基层部队仍要加大热射病核心知识的培训工作,普及核心体温监测方法,配备现场快速降温所需的专业设备,科学制定操作性强的热射病现场救治标准化流程,进一步提高对热射病的认识及现场救治能力,保障官兵身体健康。Objective To investigate the current situation regarding the cognition and on-site management of heat stroke among grassroots officers and soldiers of the Armed Police Force,and to provide data support for further hygiene education and rescue training of this medical emergency.Methods From May to Aug.2022,a total of 662 grassroots medical personnel,special combat personnel or logistics support personnel of the Armed Police Force were surveyed,and 639 qualified questionnaires were obtained.The questionnaire mainly included(1)basic information of the respondents,(2)way of knowing heat stroke,(3)medical knowledge about heat stroke,and(4)on-site management of heat stroke patients.The results were analyzed.Results Data analysis showed that(1)most of the grassroots officers and soldiers(36.4%)learned about heat stroke from theoretical teaching.The total awareness rate of key measures to rescue heat stroke on-site reached 78.2%,but the rate was low for three sub-questions,respectively key points in heat stroke diagnosis(42.4%),core body temperature monitoring(23.0%)and the exact target for on-site body cooling(9.5%),all of which showed significant differences in respondents with different job titles and different combat positions(all P<0.05).(2)For body temperature monitoring,measurement of the armpit temperature and forehead temperature were reported by 47.9%and 30.8%of respondents,respectively,while the ear temperature and rectal temperature that were more close to the core temperature were only reported by 16.5%and 0.6%of respondents.For body cooling methods,20.4%,18.2%and 25.4%of respondents chose continuous[JP3]fanning,cold water spraying and ice compression,respectively,while the measures with the best cooling efficiency,i.e.,[JP]cold water immersion,cold sheet/oilcloth wrapping and cryogenic liquid infusion were only reported by 15.5%,9.4%and 7.6%of respondents.For cooling materials/devices,the standard ice cubes(bags),ice caps(pillows)and electric fans were respectively reported to be equipped by 32.2%,24.7%,and

关 键 词：热射病 劳力型热射病 知晓率 现场救治 

分 类 号：R135.3[医药卫生—劳动卫生]