陕西省冬季区域性霾污染特征及其典型年环流差异  

The characteristics of winter regional haze in Shaanxi Province and typical years′anomaly circulations

作　　者：黄鑫 董自鹏[1,7] 刘慧敏 巩远发[1,3] 任琦 刘慧 康磊[1,4] 李培荣 祁春娟 刘源 HUANG Xin;DONG Zipeng;LIU Huimin;GONG Yuanfa;REN Qi;LIU Hui;KANG Lei;LI Peirong;QI Chunjuan;LIU Yuan(Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental and Meteorology for the Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau,Xi’an 710014;Shaanxi Meteorological Information Center,Xi’an 710014;College of Atmospheric Science,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225;Yulin Meteorological Bureau,Yulin 719000;Shaanxi Meteorological Observatory,Xi’an 710014;Shaanxi Meteorological Authority Service Center,Xi’an 710014;Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province,Xi’an 710014)

机构地区：[1]秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室,西安710014 [2]陕西省气象信息中心,西安710014 [3]成都信息工程大学,大气科学学院,成都610225 [4]榆林市气象局,榆林719000 [5]陕西省气象台,西安710014 [6]陕西省气象机关服务中心,西安710014 [7]陕西省气象科学研究所,西安710014

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第4期79-92,共14页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.41775079,41905016,42230611);陕西省重点研发计划项目(No.2023-YBSF-328,2022SF-425,2019SF-269);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(No.2022JM-153,2022JQ-294,2020JQ-977);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J023);陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室开放研究基金课题(No.2021G-15,2020G-3,2021Y-1)。

摘　　要：根据陕西省气候特征及地形,将陕西省分为关中、陕南和陕北3个子区,并定义了区域性霾日及持续性区域性霾事件.基于气象、环保及遥感资料,分析了陕西省区域性霾日及相应的气溶胶污染的时空分布特征.结果表明,陕西冬季各子区区域性霾日有显著差异,关中地区区域性霾日最多,平均每年冬季大于21 d,陕南地区为6 d,陕北地区大于1 d.关中每年冬季均会出现持续性区域性霾事件.关中区域性霾日区域平均风速普遍小于5 m·s^(-1),陕南区域性霾日区域平均风速普遍小于4 m·s^(-1).区域性霾日出现时气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)明显增大,部分地区大于0.9,关中、陕南和陕北出现区域性霾日时,区域平均空气质量指数(AQI)几乎均大于100.根据激光雷达探测数据,近地层500 m以下区域性霾日的平均消光系数是冬季平均值的2~3倍.关中出现区域性霾日的背景环流以斯堪的纳维亚半岛正异常中心,乌拉尔山东部位势高度负异常和东亚地区正异常所组成的正位相斯堪的纳维亚环流型为主要特征,近地面存在东南风异常.相比2017年,2018年冬季偏强的东南风异常为陕西省区域性霾日增多提供了有利的气象条件,偏强东南风异常增强了陕西关中及其以南地区大气辐合,并且将我国中东部地区的气溶胶输送到了陕西省.According to climate and terrain characteristics,Shaanxi was divided into three sub-regions.Further,a regional haze day was defined as“more than one third of observational sites in a region reached standards of haze day”,and when a region experienced a consecutive 3d or more regional haze days it was defined as a persistent regional haze event.Using data of meteorology,environment and remote sensing from satellite,the spatialtemporal distributions of regional haze in Shaanxi Province and corresponding aerosol pollution were investigated.The main conclusions are as follows:The differences of the numbers of annual regional haze days were obvious in different sub-regions.The number of annual average regional haze days in Guanzhong Area was above 21 d.The number of annual average regional haze days was above 6 d in Southern Shaanxi.The number of annual average regional haze days was above 1 d in Northern Shaanxi.Persistent regional haze events occurred every winter in Guanzhong area.The regional average AQI of each regional haze days were almost above 100.The regional average wind speeds were almost less than 5 m∙s^(-1) and 4 m∙s^(-1) of regional haze days in Guanzhong and Southern Shaanxi separately.Based on the laser radar detection data,the regional average AOD of regional haze days were above 0.9 in some area and the near surface average extinction coefficient of regional haze days was around 2 to 3 times of the winter average extinction coefficient.The positive phase of the Scandinavian pattern—formed by a positive anomaly center around Scandinavia,a negative center around Eastern Ural and the positive height anomaly over east Asia—was the main background circulation of the Guanzhong regional haze days,which was accompanied with stronger southeast wind anomaly near surface in Shaanxi.In comparison to the winter of 2017,the stronger southeast winds could build up some meteorological conditions conductive to the increase of the regional haze days in Shaanxi in the winter of 2018.The stronger southeast

关 键 词：区域性霾日 持续性区域性霾事件 空气质量指数(AQI) 陕西 偏强东南风 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X16