哈尔滨城市积雪中微塑料赋存特征及生态风险评估  

Occurrence of microplastics in urban snowpack and their ecological risk assessment in Harbin

作　　者：李陶陶 刘硕[1] 马丽娜 门志远 于庆鑫 蔡璐瑶 孙萌 LI Taotao;LIU Shuo;MA Lina;MEN Zhiyuan;YU Qingxin;CAI Luyao;SUN Meng(College of Geographical Science,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025;State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090;School of Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,哈尔滨150025 [2]哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150090 [3]哈尔滨工业大学环境学院,哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第4期368-376,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目(No.SMK202203)。

摘　　要：现有研究已表明微塑料在积雪中广泛存在,而积雪融化后产生的融雪径流汇入地表水体,所携带的微塑料对生态环境会产生一系列潜在生态风险.城市积雪与人类活动关系更为紧密,为评估城市积雪中微塑料的生态风险,本文以我国东北城市哈尔滨市为研究区,对哈尔滨市6种不同下垫面30个采样点的表层积雪进行采集,通过立体显微镜以及傅里叶红外光谱仪分析,证实了积雪中存在较高含量的微塑料.对积雪中微塑料的赋存特征(丰度、分布特点、尺寸、颜色、形状、组成成分)的分析结果表明,哈尔滨市积雪中微塑料平均丰度为850 N·L^(-1),且不同下垫面丰度分布差异大,与其他介质中微塑料丰度相比整体处于偏高状态.尺寸主要以10~100μm的小尺寸微塑料为主,建设用地微塑料尺寸稍大,以100~500μm的居多.大部分下垫面颜色以透明为主,但建设用地处彩色微塑料偏多.积雪中纤维状微塑料为明显优势类型,但农田处碎片状微塑料占比较大.各个下垫面主要的微塑料聚合物类型为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET(36%)、聚乙烯PE(25%)、聚丙烯PP(16%)、聚酰胺PA(13%)、聚苯乙烯PS(10%),PET与PE为优势类型.生态风险评估结果表明,虽然积雪中微塑料广泛存在,但各下垫面均为低风险水平.通过对城市积雪中的微塑料更深一步的探究及生态风险评估,为积雪中微塑料的潜在风险提供参考依据和研究基础.Existing studies have shown that microplastics are widespread in snowpack,and microplastics carried by snowmelt runoff from melting snow that flows into surface water bodies pose potential ecological risks to the ecosystem.Urban snowpack is more closely related to human activity.In order to assess the ecological risk of microplastics in urban snow,this paper takes Harbin,a northeastern city in China,as the study area.Surface snow was collected from 30 sampling sites on six different underlying surfaces in Harbin and analyzed by stereo microscopy as well as Fourier infrared spectroscopy,which confirmed the presence of high levels of microplastics in the snow.The analysis results on the characteristics of microplastics in snow(abundance,distribution characteristics,size,color,shape,composition)showed that the average abundance of microplastics in snow in Harbin was 850 N·L^(-1),and the abundance distribution of different subsurface varied greatly,and the overall abundance of microplastics was high compared with other media.The size of microplastics was mainly 10~100μm,and the size of microplastics in the construction area was slightly larger,in the range of 100~500μm.Most of the microplastics from the underlying surface color were transparent,but the construction site had more colored microplastics,which may be related to human activities.Fibrous microplastics were the dominant type in snow cover,but fragmentary microplastics accounted for more in farmland.The main polymer types of microplastic on each underlying surface were polyethylene terephthalate(PET,36%),polyethylene(PE,25%),polypropylene(PP,16%),polyamide(PA,13%),polystyrene(PS,10%),with PET and PE being the dominant types.The results of ecological risk assessment showed that although microplastics were widely present in snow cover,the risk level was low in all substrates.This study provides a reference basis and research foundation for the potential risk of microplastics in snow by conducting a deeper investigation and ecological risk assessment of micr

关 键 词：哈尔滨 积雪微塑料 赋存特征 不同下垫面 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]