环境中典型抗生素生态安全阈值  

Ecological safety threshold of typical antibiotics in environment

作　　者：陈丽红[1] 何连生[1] 孟甜 魏占亮 高存富 曹莹[1] CHEN Lihong;HE Liansheng;MENG Tian;WEI Zhanliang;GAO Cunfu;CAO Ying(Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境检测与实验中心,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第4期497-510,共14页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2019YFC1803401,2020YFC1807703)。

摘　　要：随着人们生活水平的提高,抗生素的使用量日趋增加,对生态环境造成潜在风险.以12种典型抗生素(克拉霉素、金霉素、青霉素、头孢噻肟、头孢唑啉、硫酸链霉素、新霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、林可霉素、氯霉素、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星)为研究对象,根据欧盟化学物质风险评价技术指导文件(TGD),推导不同环境介质中抗生素的预测无效应浓度(PNEC).结果表明,12种典型抗生素PNEC_(water)值大小依次为:磺胺甲恶唑(0.0075μg·L^(-1))<青霉素(0.10μg·L^(-1))<诺氟沙星(0.1128μg·L^(-1))<克拉霉素(0.20μg·L^(-1))<金霉素(0.24μg·L^(-1))<新霉素(0.60μg·L^(-1))<硫酸链霉素(1.00μg·L^(-1))<林可霉素(2.00μg·L^(-1))<氯霉素(12.5μg·L^(-1))=恩诺沙星(12.5μg·L^(-1))<头孢噻肟(455.5μg·L^(-1))<头孢唑啉(2.0×10^(4)μg·L^(-1)).克拉霉素、金霉素、青霉素、头孢噻肟、头孢唑啉、硫酸链霉素、新霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、林可霉素、氯霉素、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星的PNEC_(susp)值分别为0.259、0.197、0.105、36.01、819.78、0.802、0.470、0.0115、1.60、12.1、0.0893、10.220 mg·kg^(-1)(以湿质量计),PNEC_(soil)值分别为0.106、0.0357、0.0337、2.835、147.82、0.133、0.0706、0.00543、0.27、3.33、0.0141、1.826 mg·kg^(-1)(以湿质量计).研究结论可为我国区域环境介质中抗生素风险评估、生态环境基准建立提供科学依据.With the improvement of living condition,the use of antibiotics increases gradually,which poses potential risks to environment.According to the EU Technical Guidance Document(TGD)on risk assessment for existing substances,the predicted non-effect concentrations(PNECs)of 12 representative antibiotics in different environmental media were derived.The PNECs of those antibiotics in water were as follow:sulfamethoxazole(0.0075μg·L^(-1))<penicillin(0.10μg·L^(-1))<norfloxacin(0.1128μg·L^(-1))<clarithromycin(0.20μg·L^(-1))<aureomycin(0.24μg·L^(-1))<neomycin(0.60μg·L^(-1))<streptomycin sulfate(1.00μg·L^(-1))<lincomycin(2.00μg·L^(-1))<chloramphenicol(12.5μg·L^(-1))=enrofloxacin(12.5μg·L^(-1))<cefotaxime(455.5μg·L^(-1))<cefazolin(2.0×10^(4)μg·L^(-1)).The PNECs of clarithromycin,aureomycin,penicillin,cefotaxime,cefazolin,streptomycin sulfate,neomycin,sulfamethoxazole,lincomycin,chloramphenicol,norfloxacin and enrofloxacin in freshwater sediment were 0.259,0.197,0.105,36.01,819.78,0.802,0.470,0.0115,1.60,12.1,0.0893 and 10.220 mg∙kg^(−1)(wet mass),respectively,and the PNECs of those antibiotics in soil were 0.106,0.0357,0.0337,2.835,147.82,0.133,0.0706,0.00543,0.27,3.33,0.0141 and 1.826 mg∙kg^(−1)(wet mass),respectively.This study would provide scientific basis for environmental risk assessment and the environment criteria establishment of antibiotics in China.

关 键 词：抗生素 预测无效应浓度 水质 沉积物 土壤 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]