一株木糖氧化无色杆菌的分离鉴定及其对小麦赤霉病的防治效果  

Isolation and identification of an Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain and its control effect on Fusarium head blight

作　　者：邓云 苏妍 姚锦爱[2] 田大刚[3] 阮宏椿[2] 肖翔 刘友 DENG Yun;SU Yan;YAO Jin-ai;TIAN Da-gang;RUAN Hong-chun;XIAO Xiang;LIU You(Nanping Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nanping 354200,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350001,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省南平市农业科学研究所,福建南平354200 [2]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所,福建福州350013 [3]福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所,福建福州350001

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第2期328-335,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省人民政府-中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021017、XTCXGC2021011);福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目(STTT2021-2-2)。

摘　　要：为丰富小麦赤霉病病菌拮抗菌资源,寻找替代化学杀菌剂的生物防治方法,采用平板稀释涂布法从小麦赤霉病抗性鉴定圃土壤、小麦根部和周边植物根部分离拮抗细菌,明确其分类地位,并采用灌根和穗部喷施法测定其对小麦赤霉病防治效果。结果表明,本研究共分离获得18株拮抗细菌,筛选出杀菌谱广、对小麦赤霉病病菌抑菌效果较好的拮抗菌D09;其对小麦赤霉病禾谷镰刀菌抑制率达到67.92%。根据形态特征、生理生化特性和分子鉴定,初步鉴定拮抗菌D09为木糖氧化无色杆菌(Achromobacter xylosoxidans)。木糖氧化无色杆菌D09发酵液灌根处理对小麦赤霉病的田间防治效果达到50.93%,与常用杀菌剂氟硅唑穗部喷雾处理无显著性差异。D09发酵液灌根处理的小麦籽粒中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素含量低于苯甲嘧菌酯穗部喷雾处理,与氟硅唑穗部喷雾处理无显著性差异,玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(NIV)2种毒素含量与戊唑多菌灵、苯甲嘧菌酯、氟硅唑穗部喷雾处理无显著性差异。综上,木糖氧化无色杆菌D09对多种植物病原真菌具有广谱抗性,对小麦赤霉病有较好的防治效果,对DON、ZEN、NIV 3种毒素具有抑制作用,作为小麦赤霉病的生防材料,具有良好的开发应用前景。In order to enrich the resources of antagonistic bacteria against Fusarium head blight and find a biological control method to replace chemical fungicides,antagonistic bacteria were isolated from the soil of wheat scab resistance identification nursery,wheat roots and the roots of the surrounding plants by plate dilution coating method,and their classification status was clarified.The control effect against Fusarium head blight was determined by root irrigation and ear spraying.The results showed a total of 18 strains of antagonistic bacteria were isolated in this study,and the antagonistic bacterium D09 with broad bactericidal spectrum and good antagonistic effect on wheat scab was screened out.Its inhibition rate against Fusarium graminearum reached 67.92%.According to the morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical characteristics and molecular identification,the D09 was preliminarily identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans.The control effect of Achromobacter xylosoxidans D09 fermentation broth on Fusarium head blight reached 50.93%,which was not significantly different from that of the commonly used fungicide flusilazole.The content of deoxynivalenol(DON)toxin in the diseased wheat grains treated with D09 fermentation broth was lower than that treated with difenoconazole·azoxystrobin,and there was no significant difference with flusilazole treatment.The contents of zearalenone(ZEN)and nivalenol(NIV)were not significantly different from those in the treatments of tebuconazole·carbendazim,difenoconazole·azoxystrobin,and flusilazole.In summary,Achromobacter xylosoxidans D09 has broad-spectrum resistance to various plant pathogenic fungi,has good control effect on Fusarium head blight,and has degradation effect on DON,ZEN and NIV toxins.As a biocontrol material for Fusarium head blight,D09 has good development and application prospects.

关 键 词：无色杆菌 拮抗菌 小麦赤霉病 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]