收获前断水天数对优良食味水稻稻米品质的影响  

Effect of water cut off days before harvest on rice quality of good taste rice

作　　者：刘红江[1] 倪新华 郭智[1] 张丽萍[1] 周炜[1] 盛婧[1] 陈留根[1] 张岳芳[1] LIU Hong-jiang;NI Xin-hua;GUO Zhi;ZHANG Li-ping;ZHOU Wei;SHENG Jing;CHEN Liu-gen;ZHANG Yue-fang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;Agricultural Service Center of Youfang Town,Yangzhong City,Zhenjiang 212218,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省扬中市油坊镇农业服务中心,江苏镇江212218

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第2期352-359,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(20)2002]。

摘　　要：以优良食味水稻品种南粳2728为试验材料,于2019年和2020年通过大田小区试验研究了水稻收获前不同断水天数对稻米品质的影响,设置离收获前27 d(W1)、22 d(W2)、17 d(W3)、12 d(W4)和7 d(W5)断水5个处理。结果表明:提早断水显著降低了水稻收获时稻田土壤、水稻籽粒和植株含水率;提早断水显著降低了水稻产量,其原因是水稻每穗粒数、结实率和千粒质量均明显降低。W4和W5处理水稻产量均较高,且两者差异不大;W4和W5处理同时提高了稻谷整精米率、精米率、糙米率等加工品质。断水天数对米粒大小的影响不大,但适当推迟断水有利于减少稻米垩白。W4处理稻米直链淀粉含量及蛋白质含量均最低,而胶稠度最长,稻米品质较优,稻米RVA谱特征值相关指标以W4处理相对较优,体现稻米食味品质总体特性的综合食味值也以W4处理为最高。综上所述,W4和W5处理水稻产量均较高,但W4处理稻米品质略优于W5处理,因此在水稻收获前应当注意适时断水,不宜过早或过晚。此外,年度间稻米品质的差异不大。A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of water cut off days before harvest on rice quality of good taste rice in 2019 and 2020.Five treatments of water cut off 27 d(W1),22 d(W2),17 d(W3),12 d(W4),and 7 d(W5)before harvest were set up in this study.The rice cultivar Nanjing 2728 was chosen.The results showed that early water cut-off significantly reduced the moisture content of paddy soil,rice grain and plant at rice harvest.Early water cut-off significantly decreased rice yield,which was due to the significant decrease of grains number per panicle,seed setting rate,and 1000-grain weight.The rice yield under W4 and W5 treatment was higher,and there was no significant difference between them.W4 and W5 treatments improved the processing quality of rice,such as perfect head rice rate,head rice rate and brown rice rate.Water cut-off days before harvest had little effect on rice size.However,delaying water cut-off appropriately was beneficial to reduce chalkiness of rice.Rice under W4 treatment had the lowest amylose content and protein content,the longest gel consistency and the best quality.The results showed that the relative indices of RVA starch profile were better in the treatment of W4.The comprehensive taste value reflecting the taste quality characteristics of rice was also the highest in the treatment of W4.All of the above,the yield of rice was higher in the treatments of W4 and W5,but rice quality of W4 treatment was slightly better than that of W5 treatment.Therefore,we should pay attention to timely water cut-off before rice harvest.In addition,there was little difference in rice quality between the years.

关 键 词：优良食味 水稻 收获前断水天数 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511.07[农业科学—作物学]