麦秸全量还田下减氮施肥对粳稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of reduced nitrogen fertilization on yield formation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of japonica rice under total wheat straw returning

作　　者：张斯梅 顾克军[2] 张传辉[2] 顾东祥[2] 段增强[1] ZHANG Si-mei;GU Ke-jun;ZHANG Chuan-hui;GU Dong-xiang;DUAN Zeng-qiang(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Institute of Food Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,江苏南京210014 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第2期360-367,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2019377);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(18)1002]。

摘　　要：为了探明麦秸全量还田下合理的氮肥施用方案,以南粳9108为材料,设置了不施氮对照(CK)、施氮量[常量施氮(300 kg/hm^(2)),A_(1),减量20%施氮(240 kg/hm^(2)),A_(2)]和氮肥运筹(基蘖氮肥∶穗氮肥=6∶4,B_(1),基蘖氮肥∶穗氮肥=7∶3,B 2)处理,分析了麦秸全量还田下减氮施肥及不同氮肥运筹对粳稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,A_(1)水平下粳稻分蘖中期、拔节期地上部干物质积累量均值高于A_(2)水平;提高基蘖氮肥比例有利于粳稻地上部干物质的累积。A_(2)水平下粳稻平均产量较A_(1)水平仅降低110.08 kg/hm^(2),差异不显著;A_(1)和A_(2)水平下B_(2)处理粳稻产量均高于B_(1)处理,但差异不显著。A_(1)水平下分蘖中期、拔节期以及分蘖中期至拔节期生育阶段氮素积累量均值高于A_(2)水平,提高基蘖氮肥比例使粳稻分蘖中期、拔节期氮素积累量增加。与A_(1)水平相比,A_(2)水平粳稻氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率均显著提高,氮肥生理利用率、氮肥表观利用率有所提高但不显著。综合来看,麦秸全量还田条件下,在常规施氮量的基础上减量20%,氮肥适当前移,可实现粳稻产量水平保持稳定的同时,提高氮肥农学利率和偏生产力。To explore the reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application scheme under total wheat straw returning,no nitrogen application was set as control(CK),an interaction experiment with two nitrogen application rates,300 kg/hm^(2)(A_(1))and 240 kg/hm^(2)(A_(2)),and two nitrogen application regimes,the proportion of base-tillering nitrogen fertilizer to panicle nitrogen fertilizer 6∶4(B_(1))and 7∶3(B_(2)),was conducted with Nanjing 9108 as the experimental material,and the effects of reduced nitrogen fertilization and different nitrogen fertilizer management on yield formation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of japonica rice were analyzed.The results showed that mean dry matter accumulation in the shoots at the middle tillering and jointing stages under A_(1) level was higher than that under A_(2) level.Increasing the proportion of base-tillering nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial to the aboveground dry matter accumulation of japonica rice.The average yield of japonica rice under A_(2) level was only 110.08 kg/hm^(2) lower than that under A_(1) level,and the difference was not significant.The yield in B 2 treatment was higher than that in B_(1) treatment under A_(1) and A_(2) levels.The mean value of nitrogen accumulation under A_(1) level was higher than that under A_(2) level in the middle tillering stage,jointing stage and the growth stage from the middle tillering stage to the jointing stage.Increasing the proportion of base-tillering nitrogen fertilizer increased the nitrogen accumulation of rice in the middle tillering stage and jointing stage.Compared with A_(1) level,the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and the agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of japonica rice at A_(2) level were significantly increased,and the physiological utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer were increased but not significantly.In general,under the condition of total wheat straw returning to field,reducing 20%of nitrogen application rate on the

关 键 词：秸秆还田 减氮施肥 产量 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S511.220.62[农业科学—作物学]