叶面喷施褐藻寡糖磷钾肥对早熟砂梨叶片与果实性状的影响  

Effects of foliar application of alginate oligosaccharides phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on leaf and fruit characters of early-maturing sand pears

作　　者：王中华[1] 李晓刚[1] 杨青松[1] 李慧[1] 阚家亮 王金星 王宏[1] 蔺经[1] 盛宝龙[1] 常有宏[1] WANG Zhong-hua;LI Xiao-gang;YANG Qing-song;LI Hui;KAN Jia-liang;WANG Jin-xing;WANG Hong;LIN Jing;SHENG Bao-long;CHANG You-hong(Institute of Pomology,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院果树研究所/江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第2期498-503,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(20)3057];江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目[JATS(2021)437]。

摘　　要：为探明不同稀释倍数褐藻寡糖磷钾叶面肥(APK)及不同类型磷钾叶面肥对早熟砂梨叶片和果实性状的影响,本研究以早熟砂梨苏翠1号为试验材料,于花后设置清水(CK1)、APK稀释250倍液、APK稀释500倍液和APK稀释1000倍液4个稀释倍数的叶面喷肥处理;以早熟砂梨翠玉为材料,于花后设置清水(CK2)、APK稀释500倍液和KH_(2)PO_(4)稀释500倍液3个叶面喷肥处理,分析不同稀释倍数褐藻寡糖磷钾叶面肥及不同类型磷钾叶面肥对早熟砂梨叶片SPAD值、叶面积、比叶质量、单果质量、可溶性糖含量和有机酸含量等叶片与果实性状指标的影响。结果表明,花后叶面喷施适宜稀释倍数APK(稀释500倍)能显著提高苏翠1号梨叶片SPAD值和比叶质量,增加单果质量、果实硬度和果实可溶性糖含量,显著降低果实苹果酸、总酸含量,达到增产提质的效果;花后叶面喷施APK稀释500倍液处理的翠玉梨叶片SPAD值、比叶质量以及果实果糖、总糖含量均显著高于磷酸二氢钾(KH_(2)PO_(4))稀释500倍液处理,果实苹果酸含量显著低于磷酸二氢钾稀释500倍液处理。因此,叶面喷施APK是优质梨果提质增效的有效养分管理技术措施。In order to explore the effects of different dilutions of alginate oligosaccharides phosphorus and potassium foliar fertilizers(APK)and different types of phosphorus and potassium foliar fertilizers on leaf and fruit traits of early-maturing sand pears,Sucui 1,a new early-maturing sand pear variety,was used as the experimental material.After flowering,four treatments were set up,including clear water(CK1),250 times dilution of APK,500 times dilution of APK and 1000 times dilution of APK.Taking early-maturing sand pear Cuiyu as the material,three foliar spraying treatments of clear water(CK2),APK diluted 500 times solution and KH_(2)PO_(4) diluted 500 times solution were set up after flowering.The effects of different dilutions of alginate oligosaccharides phosphorus and potassium foliar fertilizers and different types of phosphorus and potassium foliar fertilizers on SPAD value,leaf area,specific leaf weight,single fruit weight,soluble sugar content and organic acid content of early-maturing sand pears were analyzed.The results showed that foliar application of APK diluted 500 times after flowering could significantly increase the SPAD value,specific leaf weight,single fruit weight and fruit soluble sugar content,and significantly reduce the fruit malic acid content and total acid content of Sucui 1 pear,so as to achieve the effect of increasing yield and improving quality.The SPAD value,specific leaf weight,fructase content and total sugar content of Cuiyu pear treated with 500 times dilution of APK were significantly higher than those treated with 500 times dilution of KH_(2)PO_(4),and the malic acid content of fruits was significantly lower than that treated with 500 times dilution of KH_(2)PO_(4).Therefore,APK as foliar fertilizer spraying is an effective nutrient management technical measure to improve the quality and efficiency of high-quality pear.

关 键 词：叶面肥 早熟砂梨 SPAD值 比叶重 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.206.2[农业科学—果树学]