不同生境剑叶金鸡菊瘦果和种子的特性  

Characteristics of achenes and seeds of Coreopsis lanceolata under different habitats

作　　者：徐德聪 王宇 沈章军 陈延松 XU De-cong;WANG Yu;SHEN Zhang-jun;CHEN Yan-song(School of Life Sciences,Hefei Normal University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥师范学院生命科学学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第2期530-538,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2020A0094、KJ2019ZD50);安徽省教育厅高校优秀拔尖人才培育项目(gxbjZD2021073);合肥师范学院研究生导师专项科研项目(DSKY27)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同生境对剑叶金鸡菊(Coreopsis lanceolata L.)的瘦果、种子特性的影响,揭示其环境适应机制,本研究采集了安徽省铜陵市郊区山坡上(生境Ⅰ)、铜陵市杨山冲尾矿库区(生境Ⅱ)和尾矿库覆土复垦区(生境Ⅲ)3种不同生境下的剑叶金鸡菊成熟瘦果,测定其长、宽、厚、千粒质量、密度、含水率等形态、品质指标以及重金属、钙和总磷的含量,利用生物体视显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察其外观形态和内部构造。结果表明,不同生境剑叶金鸡菊瘦果和种子有相似的形态构造,可区分于其他种,但附属结构及种子表面微形态存在差异。不同生境剑叶金鸡菊瘦果的长、宽、体积和千粒质量均表现为生境Ⅰ和生境Ⅱ显著大于生境Ⅲ(P<0.05),生境Ⅰ与生境Ⅱ之间无显著差异(P>0.05),瘦果含水率表现为生境Ⅰ显著大于生境Ⅲ,生境Ⅲ显著大于生境Ⅱ。不同生境剑叶金鸡菊瘦果的厚和密度均无显著差异。主成分分析结果表明,3个生境分为不同的区域,进一步证明不同生境间瘦果形态和品质出现了差异。瘦果对重金属的积累并没有随着基质中重金属含量的增加而增加,但矿区生境瘦果中钙、总磷含量均显著高于山坡生境。相关性分析结果表明,基质中Cu、Zn含量均与瘦果长、宽、体积和千粒质量呈显著或极显著负相关,瘦果含水率与基质营养成分、重金属含量均有显著相关性,总的来说,过高的重金属含量会使瘦果变小、变轻,含水率下降。由此,可以初步判断剑叶金鸡菊主要通过瘦果大小和含水率等繁殖策略的改变及对重金属采取避性途径来响应尾矿库区重金属含量高、营养贫乏及持水能力差等基质条件,具有较强的环境适应能力。To explore the effects of different habitats on achenes and seeds characteristics of Coreopsis lanceolata and reveal its environmental adaptation mechanism,the mature achenes of C.lanceolata were collected from three different habitats including slopes(I),Yangshanchong copper mine tailings pond(Ⅱ)and its soil covering reclamation area(Ⅲ)in Tongling.The morphological and quality indices of the achenes including the length,width,thickness,thousand-grain weight,specific gravity,and water content were determined.The contents of heavy metals,calcium and total phosphorus in the achenes were also measured.The microscopic morphology and internal structure of achenes and seeds of C.lanceolata were observed by biological stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed that the achenes and seeds collected from different habitats had similar morphological structures and could be distinguished from other species,whereas the accessory structure of achenes and the surface micromorphology of seeds were different among three habitats.The length,width,volume and thousand-grain weight of achenes collected from habitatsⅠandⅡwere both significantly higher than those of achenes collected from habitatⅢ(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between habitatsⅠandⅡ.The water content of achenes in habitatⅠwas significantly higher than that in habitatⅢ,while this index in habitatⅢwas significantly higher than that in habitatⅡ.There were no significant differences in thickness and specific gravity of achenes among three habitats.The results of principal component analysis showed that the three habitats were divided into three groups,it was further proved that the morphology and quality of achenes were different among the three habitats.The accumulation of heavy metals in achenes did not show the same increasing trend as that in substrates,meanwhile the contents of calcium and total phosphorus in achenes in habitatsⅡandⅢwere significantly higher than those in habitatⅠ.The c

关 键 词：生境 剑叶金鸡菊 瘦果 种子 微形态 形态 品质 

分 类 号：S682.1[农业科学—观赏园艺]