要素禀赋、要素匹配与农民产业链增值收益分享  

Factor Endowment,Factor Matching and Farmers Shared Value from Incremental Benefits of Industry Chain

作　　者：闵继胜[1] MIN Jisheng(Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期63-72,共10页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：安徽省社科基金“要素匹配视角下农民分享农业产业链增值收益机制研究”(AHSKF2020D03);安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目“乡村振兴视域下农业转型升级与我国农村内生增长动力研究”(gxyq ZD2019007)。

摘　　要：如何让农民更多分享产业链增值收益是当前亟需解决的问题。农业产业链环节之间的交易,因为缺乏新的活劳动等要素投入,无法产生增值收益,农业产业链的价值增值限于环节内部。具体到产业链环节,良种研发投入的资本、技术和高级专业技术人才最为密集,价值增值最大;品牌营销需要资本、高级专业人才等要素的长期密集投入,增值收益较丰厚;农产品种植和养殖环节,资本投入量有限,劳动复杂程度不高,价值增值最低。普通农民主要拥有土地、劳动力两种生产要素,采取“合作社领办的公司+农户”模式,入社农民有机会获得更多产业链增值收益,但该模式对合作社的资本、专业人才等要素要求较高。因此,丰富农民专业人才等要素禀赋的同时,要解决产业链主体违约成本过低问题,推动形成科学合理的合作社盈余分配机制,以增加合作社的资本、专业人才等要素禀赋,促进合作社与龙头企业、合作社内部成员之间的要素紧密匹配,增强合作社的市场谈判力,实现入社农民更多分享产业链增值收益的目标。How to let farmers obtain more value from incremental benefits of the industry chain is an urgent problem to be solved now.It is the combination of living labor with capital,land and other labor materials that produces purposeful activities to create use value,which forms the value-added process of industry chain.In terms of the process of industry chain,the capital,technology and(senior professional skills)talents used to develop better varieties are the most intensive,and those create the most part of the incremental value of the industry chain.Brand marketing needs long-term capital,(senior professional)talents and other factors to be intensively invested,then the incremental benefit of the industry chain could be relatively rich;in the stages of planting and breeding of agricultural products,the capital investment is limited,the labor complexity is not high,so that the lowest value added of the industry chain.Ordinary farmers mainly have two factors of production:land and labor,adopt the"cooperative led company+farmer"model,it will increase the chances for farmers obtaining more incremental benefits of the industry chain,but it has higher requirements on the capital,specialized talents and other factors of the cooperative.Therefore,while enriching the factor endowments of farmers(specialized)talents,solving the problems of the main body of industry chain default cost is too low,promoting the formation of a scientific and reasonable surplus distribution mechanism of cooperatives,enriching the factor endowment of cooperatives such as capital and specialized talents,promoting factors matching between cooperatives and leading enterprises more closer,and the internal members of cooperatives,enhancing the market bargaining power of cooperatives,which can achieve the goal of allowing farmers of cooperatives to obtain more value from incremental benefits of the industry chain.

关 键 词：要素禀赋 要素匹配 产业链延伸 增值收益 

分 类 号：F320.2[经济管理—产业经济]