油醇聚氧乙烯醚双子乳化剂的合成及其在乳化炸药中的应用  

Synthesis of Oleyl Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether Gemini Emulsifier and Its Application in Emulsion Explosive

作　　者：李永元 LI Yong-yuan(Inner Mongolia Hongqi Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Shengli Resources Group,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 011600,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古生力资源集团红旗化工有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特011600

出　　处：《广州化工》2023年第4期83-85,共3页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

摘　　要：以油醇聚氧乙烯醚和马来酸酐为原料合成了油醇聚氧乙烯醚双子乳化剂(DOV-5),产物结构通过红外色谱和酸值测试进行了确征。通过低速分散机研究了其初乳性能,结果表明,在100 r/min的转速下,DOV-5的初乳性能优于失水山梨醇单油酸酯。采用白金环法测定了DOV-5对乳化炸药复合油相与硝酸铵水溶液的界面张力的影响,结果表明DOV-5可将油-水相的界面张力降低至0.28 mN/m,优于失水山梨醇单油酸酯(1.50 mN/m)。以DOV-5为乳化剂分别制备了乳胶基质和乳化炸药,考察了DOV-5对乳胶基质粒径、乳化炸药储存期和爆炸性能的影响,实验结果表明:DOV-5为乳化剂制备的乳胶基质的粒径为1.04μm,粒径分布均匀;敏化后的乳化炸药储存期达到310 d以上,爆炸性能优良,符合国家标准的要求。DOV-5 was synthesized from oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and maleic anhydride.The structure of the product was confirmed by infrared chromatography and acid value test.The colostrum performance of DOV-5 was studied by low speed dispersing machine.The results showed that the colostrum performance of DOV-5 was better than that of sorbitol monoleate at the speed of 100 r/min.The effect of DOV-5 on the interfacial tension between emulsion explosive compound oil phase and ammonium nitrate aqueous solution was measured by platinum loop method.The results showed that DOV-5 could reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water phase to 0.28 mN/m,which was better than that of sorbitol monoleate(1.50 mN/m).DOV-5 was used as emulsifier to prepare emulsion matrix and emulsion explosive,respectively.The effects of DOV-5 on the particle size of emulsion matrix,storage life and explosive performance of emulsion explosive were investigated.The experimental results showed that the particle size of emulsion matrix prepared by DOV-5 was 1.04μm,and the particle size distribution was uniform.The storage life of sensitized emulsion explosive was more than 310 days,and the explosive performance was excellent,which met the requirements of national standards.

关 键 词：油醇聚氧乙烯醚 失水山梨醇单油酸酯 马来酸酐 乳化炸药 界面张力 

分 类 号：TQ641[化学工程—精细化工]