科技与对外博弈——基于科技与国际关系相关研究的分析  

Science and Technological Statecraft:An Analytical Perspective Based on International Relations and Technology Studies

作　　者：郑华[1] 侯彩虹 ZHENG Hua;HOU Caihong

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海200030

出　　处：《国际展望》2023年第3期53-72,154,155,共22页Global Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大专项(21VGQ003);国家社科基金后期资助重点项目“新时代中国国际话语权研究的理论和实践”(19FGJA001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为了推动中国的科技发展和营造良好的外部发展环境,崛起中的中国需要加强科技与对外工作的互动。这种互动是主权国家在长期发展过程中形成的运用科技手段实现外交目标以及科技与外交相互促进的系统工程,是战略布局与具体实施的整合。国际学术界在“科技与国际关系研究”领域的成果可为构建中国的科技与对外工作互动方略提供参考。通过对美欧科研机制架构、科学家的国家身份认同、科技伦理和科技外交等关键议题的历史性考察可以发现,中国的科技与对外工作互动方略至少需涵盖以下若干方面内容:基于对国际和国内形势的认知对战略资源配置作出的精准研判,明晰科技与对外工作互动的战略目标;以迅速实现科学技术向生产力、战斗力和外交工具的转化,增强综合国力为目标,建立政府—企业/商业—学术三位一体的研发和技术转化模式,优化机制建设;加强正面和负面科技外交手段的评估,运用多元化的科技外交手段,丰富外交政策的工具箱。To achieve its science and technology development goals and create a conducive external development environment,China needs to bolster the top-level design of its"Science and Technology Statecraft."This systematic project involves utilizing science and technology instruments to achieve foreign policy objectives.The existing literature on"science,technology,and international relations"can provide the theoretical foundation for constructing"China's S&T Statecraft."Through an analysis of the structure of scientific institution building,the national identity of scientists,ethics related to science and technology,and S&T diplomacy since the Cold War,research reveals that China's S&T Statecraft must cover at least three distinct aspects.First,there must be a precise study of strategic resource allocation and a clear strategic objective based on an understanding of the international and domestic situation.Second,there must be an efficient transformation from S&T innovation to comprehensive national power,which requires a synthesis of the“government-enterprise/commercial-academia”R&D and technological transformation model.Finally,positive and negative approaches to S&T diplomacy must be employed to enrich the toolbox of foreign policy.

关 键 词：科技外交 科技发展 大战略 科技话语权 全球治理 

分 类 号：D5[政治法律—政治学]