拜登政府对华技术地缘政治竞争——限度与应对  

Geopolitical Technology Competition:Limits and Countermeasures in the Biden Administration’s Approach to China

作　　者：秦渝斌 江天骄 QIN Yubin;JIANG Tianjiao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433 [2]复旦大学发展研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《国际展望》2023年第3期73-94,155,156,共24页Global Review

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“美国科技发展变局及对华科技竞争研究”(22JJD810006)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：随着大国竞争的加速回归和科技的迅猛发展,技术地缘政治逻辑驱使美国展开对华科技竞争。技术地缘政治视域中,科技成为地缘政治权力的主要来源,而地理条件能够促进部分科技的产生与发展,大国间科技关系充满竞争。在这一逻辑的影响下,拜登政府强调国内、双边、区域、国际多层次协调并举,通过资源倾斜重塑美国产业基础、升级单边措施强化对华科技竞争、深化“印太”介入削弱中国产业链地位、拉拢盟友建构技术遏制联盟等方式开展对华技术地缘政治竞争,试图以高端封锁、低端替代瓦解中国崛起动能。在中国周边国家产业承载能力有限、对华科技联盟缺乏现实基础、中国积极作为的情况下,拜登政府对华科技竞争战略受到诸多制约。面对可能出现的外部挑战,中国需要立足自身国情打造自强与开放并重的科技发展格局,着眼双边共识领域构建大国良性竞争范式,通过多边协调合作培育包容性全球创新生态。As great power competition returns and science and technology continue to advance,driven by the logic of Geopolitics of Technology,the United States finds itself increasingly competing with China.Technology has become the primary source of power,and geographical conditions are conducive to the development of certain technologies.The geopolitics of technology also generates four particular practices in Biden administration:strengthening investment to rebuild internal strength,upgrading unilateral measures for technological competition with China,deepening Indo-Pacific involvement in industrial chains,and building technology containment alliances against China.However,given the limited industrial carrying capacity of China’s neighboring countries,the lack of a realistic basis for an anti-China alliance,and China’s active actions,the Biden administration’s strategy for technology competition is constrained.As a result,China should make a response that includes building a scientific and technological development model emphasizing self-improvement and openness,constructing a benign competition paradigm focused on bilateral consensus,and cultivating an inclusive global innovation ecosystem through multilateral coordination.

关 键 词：技术地缘政治 科技竞争 同盟体系 新技术民族主义 

分 类 号：D871.21[政治法律—政治学] K901.4[政治法律—外交学]