发展中国家的进口与技术学习——基于中国经济发展的经验证据、理论和定量分析  

Learning,Innovation and Economic Growth——The Role of Knowledge-Embodied Imports for Developing Countries

作　　者：樊仲琛 徐铭梽 朱礼军 FAN Zhongchen;XU Mingzhi;ZHU Lijun(Xian Jiaotong University;Peking University)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学经济与金融学院 [2]北京大学新结构经济学研究院,100871

出　　处：《经济学（季刊）》2023年第2期585-603,共19页China Economic Quarterly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“制造业比较优势的微观机制研究:理论分解、实证量化和政策应用”(8200905868);北京大学拔尖创新人才基金“新结构经济学视角下制造业比较优势变迁探索”(7101302576);北京大学战略合作伙伴项目基金“中美贸易政策研究”(7101702318)的经费支持。

摘　　要：本文研究发展中国家通过进口并学习内嵌于商品的知识,实现持续技术进步。本文回归发现企业进口促进专利申请,进一步构建城市层面的进口冲击,发现促进作用来自知识密集产品的进口。由此,本文构建并校准一个开放经济的动态内生增长模型:发达国家通过创新拓展前沿,发展中国家从发达国家进口并学习其产品中内嵌的知识实现技术追赶,最终转到自主创新。最后,本文通过反事实模拟中美贸易摩擦,揭示贸易壁垒将阻滞两国技术进步。We study how developing countries achieve sustained technical progress through international trade.We find import has a positive effect on innovation,then we construct city-level import shocks and find the effect comes from high-knowledge intensive import.We build and calibrate a two-country endogenous growth model in open economies:developed countries push forward technology frontiers through innovation,firms in developing countries can import goods from developed countries and learn from the knowledge embodied in goods,and eventually transit them into innovation.By counterfactual analysis,we evaluate the impact of US-China trade tensions and find trade barriers would hinder both countries'technological progress.

关 键 词：南北贸易 进口学习效应 自主创新 

分 类 号：F752.61[经济管理—国际贸易] F124.3[经济管理—产业经济]