地震中的幻灭与希望——试论克莱斯特《智利大地震》中的宗教、政治与文学史隐喻  

Disillusionment and Hope in the Earthquake:On the Religious,Political,and Literary-Historical Implications in Kleist’s“The Earthquake in Chile”

作　　者：毛明超 MAO Mingchao

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院德语系

出　　处：《国外文学》2023年第1期69-79,共11页Foreign Literatures

摘　　要：克莱斯特的《智利大地震》(1807/1810)以1755年里斯本大地震对欧洲知识界、尤其是对启蒙乐观主义神正论的深刻冲击为思想背景,借助地震的革命隐喻,在后魏玛古典文学时代勾勒了宗教救赎、革命理想与文学作品的人文精神这三重幻灭。小说中描绘的宗教恩典、平等博爱与人道关怀均是幻景,秩序的崩塌、重建与再崩塌颠覆了欧洲传统历史哲学三段论。但在克莱斯特的批判中,启蒙乌托邦依旧作为人性潜能存在,正如小说结尾暗示的,在普遍危机中仍有人性与亲情的一丝希望,从伊甸园坠入历史的现代人或许能由此发现重返乐园的后门。Kleist’s Novelle“The Earthquake in Chile”(1807/1810)uses the severe burden that fell on the European Enlightenment,in particular on the theory of theodicy after the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755,as its intellectual background.Treating the earthquake as a metaphor for the revolution,the novel illustrates the triple disillusionment of religious salvation,progressive political ideals,as well as the value of humanism in the works of Goethe and Schiller during the post-Weimar-Classics period.It suggests that divine mercy,equality and fraternity and humanitarian caring are nothing but illusions.Furthermore,the structure of the collapse,rebuilding,and re-collapse of social order overturns the traditional triadic syllogism of the philosophy of history.However,even in Kleist’s critique,the utopia of Enlightenment still exists as a potential of human nature,as the novelle’s ending indicates that there is still a shred of hope on humanity in such a general crisis,and that mankind,expelled from Eden,may therefore find a path and reenter the paradise through its backdoor.

关 键 词：克莱斯特 《智利大地震》 神正论 魏玛古典文学 历史三段论 

分 类 号：I516.074[文学—其他各国文学]