miRNA在调控植物种子发育及响应非生物胁迫中的研究进展  

miRNA in Regulating Seed Development and the Response to Abiotic Stress in Plant:A Review

作　　者：刘洋[1,2] 杨佳庆 余徐润 熊飞 LIU Yang;YANG Jiaqing;YU Xurun;XIONG Fei(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology,Agricultural College of Yangzhou University;Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室,扬州大学农学院 [2]江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,扬州大学,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第12期86-92,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“小麦强弱势粒胚乳异步发育差异的机制及其调控途径研究”(31971810),“小麦顶小穗分化机制及其与穗粒数的关系”(31801269)。

摘　　要：microRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性小分子非编码RNA,它通过引导mRNA的裂解或抑制翻译调控靶基因在植物种子发育和响应非生物胁迫过程中起着关键作用。为了进一步鉴定和明确与种子发育及响应非生物胁迫相关的miRNAs功能和调控机制,归纳了植物中参与种子胚和胚乳发育调控及响应低温、盐、干旱等非生物胁迫的miRNAs类型、靶基因及功能。miRNA在进化上高度保守,其表达在生物发育过程中具有明显的组织特异性和时间特异性,但在不同植物之间又有着相似性。然而,目前miRNAs生物发生和功能的调控因子是如何在转录或转录后被调控的以及miRNAs是如何利用转录裂解和翻译抑制机制来调控其靶点的还有待进一步阐明。未来对这些问题的研究不仅能为植物种子发育和植物响应非生物胁迫机制提供新的见解,而且能为基因的转录后调控研究提供更多的思路。microRNA(miRNA),an endogenous small non-coding RNA,regulates target genes by guiding mRNA cleavage or inhibiting translation.The role of miRNAs becomes extremely important in the regulation of plant seed development and the response to abiotic stress.In order to further identify and clarify the functions and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs related to seed development and response to abiotic stress,the types,target genes and functions of miRNAs involved in the regulation of embryo and endosperm development in plant seed and in response to abiotic stress such as low temperature,salt and drought stress were summarized.miRNAs are highly conserved in evolution,and their expression is tissue-specific and time-specific during biological development,but they also have similarities among different plants.However,it remains to be further elucidated how regulators of miRNAs biogenesis and function are regulated during or after transcription,and how miRNAs use transcriptional cleavage and translation inhibition mechanisms to regulate their targets.Future research on these issues will not only provide new insights into plant seed development and plant response to abiotic stress,but also provide more ideas for post-transcriptional regulation of genes.

关 键 词：microRNA 种子发育 胚乳发育 非生物胁迫 温度胁迫 水分胁迫 盐胁迫 矿质与氮素营养胁迫 

分 类 号：S184[农业科学—农业基础科学]