自制酵素对土壤线虫群落结构的影响  

Homemade Fermented Bio-extracts:Effects on Soil Nematode Community Structure

作　　者：历佳月 韩亚静 王欣宇 黄群义 韩新华[1] 叶乐夫[2] 付雪[1,2] LI Jiayue;HAN Yajing;WANG Xinyu;HUANG Qunyi;HAN Xinhua;YE Lefu;FU Xue(College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;College of Agronomy,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第11期113-121,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费项目“木醋液对内共生菌介导的桃蚜抗药性的影响机制研究”(2022-KYYWF-1068);黑龙江大学大学生创新创业科研项目“自制酵素对桃蚜防效的研究”(YJSCX2021-222HLJU);黑龙江大学大学生科研能力提升项目“自制酵素对作物-害虫系统中土壤线虫和微生物的影响”(2021051)。

摘　　要：为了全面评价生物肥对土壤改良及作物生长的影响,研究了不同生物肥方案影响下的不同深度土层中土壤线虫群落结构的响应变化。以木醋液、自制酵素、二者混合液及清水对照为处理因子,用五点取样法分别采集0~5 cm,5~10 cm两个土层土壤,鉴定线虫种类,计量线虫丰度,计算多样性指数。酵素和木醋液均增加捕食/杂食性线虫相对丰度,增幅为37%和210%;酵素引发植食寄生线虫“下行”,浅~深土层中相对丰度为29%和64%,酵素、木醋液和混合液处理均引发捕食/杂食性线虫“上行”,浅~深土层中相对丰度分别为65%和18%,43%和21%,48%和5%。酵素、木醋液、混合液都引发植食寄生线虫下行、捕食/杂食性线虫上行;酵素和木醋液均可促进捕食/杂食性线虫相对丰度,而抑制驱避植食寄生线虫。In order to comprehensively evaluate the effects of bio-fertilizer on soil improvement and crop growth,the responses of soil nematode community structure at different soil depths under different bio-fertilizer schemes were studied.Four kinds of foliar fertilizers,including wood vinegar,homemade fermented bio-extracts,the mixture of the two and clean water,were used as test materials.Five-point sampling method was used to collect soil at 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers,and the diversity index of nematode community was measured.The results showed that both homemade fermented bio-extracts and wood vinegar promoted relative abundance of predatory/omnivorous nematodes by 37%and 210%compared with control.Homemade fermented bio-extracts caused plant-parasite nematodes migration downward,and the relative abundance in shallow and deep soil layers were 29%and 64%,respectively.All the homemade fermented bio-extracts,wood vinegar and the mixture induced predatory/omnivorous nematodes migration upward,and the relative abundance in the shallow and deep soil layers were 65%and 18%,43%and 21%,and 48%and 5%,respectively.Homemade fermented bio-extracts,wood vinegar and the mixed solution all induced plant-parasite nematodes migration downward and predatory/omnivorous nematodes migration upward.Both homemade fermented bio-extracts and wood vinegar could promote the relative abundance of predatory/omnivorous nematodes,and could inhibit and repel plant-parasite nematodes.

关 键 词：土壤线虫 自制酵素 多样性 木醋液 群落结构 

分 类 号：S436.349[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]