干旱沙区生物结皮对土壤膨胀的影响  

Effects of biocrust on soil swelling in arid desert

作　　者：贾鸿飞 贾荣亮 吴秀丽 赵芸 刘立超 高艳红 杨昊天 张甜 Jia Hongfei;Jia Rongliang;Wu Xiuli;Zhao Yun;Liu Lichao;Gao Yanhong;Yang Haotian;Zhang Tian(Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Yinchuan Zhiwei Microbiology Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]银川知微生物科技有限公司,宁夏银川750200

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第2期28-36,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG008);国家自然科学基金项目(41971142);宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新资金项目(NGSB-2021-14-04)。

摘　　要：土壤膨胀通过改变土壤结构和水文过程影响土壤系统抵抗力和恢复力。生物结皮可以加速土壤形成,改变土壤理化性质,但生物结皮的形成和发育过程如何影响土壤膨胀还不清楚。本文借助空间取样替代时间的方法和模拟降水(0、1、3、5、10 mm)法,以腾格里沙漠南缘4个年代的固沙植被带(64、39、33、0年)的5种演替阶段的生物结皮(蓝藻、藻-地衣混生、真藓、土生对齿藓和齿肋赤藓)及其土壤为研究对象,旨在阐明生物结皮的形成和发育过程对土壤膨胀的影响及其对降水的响应。结果表明:(1)生物结皮的形成增加了土壤膨胀高度,结皮后土壤的平均膨胀高度是流沙的94倍,平均0.939 mm;(2)不同演替阶段生物结皮均随着其发育年龄的增加显著增加土壤膨胀高度(P<0.05),主要体现在两个方面,在同一植被区,从初级阶段到高级阶段生物结皮的膨胀高度逐渐增加(P<0.05),其中土生对齿藓结皮最显著,同一种结皮在不同植被区,随植被年龄的增加,发育39年的生物结皮膨胀高度增加最显著,其中以藻-地衣混生结皮最显著(P<0.05);(3)降水量增加显著增加生物结皮覆盖下土壤的膨胀高度(P<0.05),藓类结皮对降水量的敏感性最强,特别是对3 mm以内的降水;(4)冗余分析表明生物结皮演替阶段是干旱沙区土壤膨胀的最关键因子(RDA 1:88.21%,RDA 2:6.49%)。Soil swelling affects soil system resistance and resilience by altering soil structure and hydrological processes.Biocrusts are important ecosystem engineers on the surface of arid sandy areas,which can accelerate soil formation and change soil physicochemical properties.But how the formation and development of biocrusts affect soil swelling is unclear.Our study use the method of spatial sampling instead of biocrusts'development time.Experiments were carried out on the biocrusts developed under the sand-fixing vegetation of different ages on the southern edge of the Tengger Desert.The sequence of the formation and succession of biocrusts was constructed(64,39,33 years) and mobile sand dunes(0 years),the method of simulating precipitation(0,1,3,5,10 mm)was used to measure the biocrusts(cyanobacteria,algal-lichen mixed crust,Bryum argenteum,Didymodon vinealis,and Syntrichia caninervis)Variation in swell height under different precipitation conditions.The sequence of biocrust formation and succession was constructed to elucidate the expansion changes of biocrusts in five succession stages at different developmental times under different precipitation conditions.The results showed that:(1)the formation of biocrusts increased the soil swelling height,and the average swelling height of the soil after crusting was 94 times that of quicksand,with an average of 0.939 mm.(2)the biocrusts and the succession stages of the biocrusts were both With the increase of its developmental age,the soil swelling height increased significantly(P<0.05),which was mainly reflected in two aspects.Among them,D.vinealis are the most significant.The same crust is in different vegetation areas.With the increase of vegetation age,the effect of increasing the expansion of biocrusts after 39 years of development is the most significant,and the increase of algal-lichen mixed crusts is the most significant.(P<0.05).(3)The increase of precipitation significantly increased the swelling height of soil under the cover of biocrusts(P<0.05).The biocrusts(

关 键 词：土壤膨胀 生物结皮 结皮演替 腾格里沙漠 

分 类 号：S152.9[农业科学—土壤学]