基于多源数据的村庄类型判别研究——以吉林省前郭县和靖宇县的比较分析为例  

Classification of villages based on multi-source data:A case comparison of Qianguo and Jingyu counties in Jilin Province

作　　者：房艳刚 毕晓普[1] 刘建志 Fang Yangang;Bi Xiaopu;Liu Jianzhi(School of Geographical Sciences,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin,China;Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains,Ministry of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学地理科学学院,吉林长春130024 [2]东北师范大学长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《地理科学》2023年第3期541-551,共11页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071223)资助。

摘　　要：村庄类型判别是落实乡村振兴战略的关键环节,也是揭示乡村差异化发展规律的科学基础。随着手机信令数据、POI数据等新数据形式的出现,对村庄发展特征进行量化分析变得更为容易和精确。基于多源数据构建指标模型,运用社会网络分析、因子分析和熵权TOPSIS法等研究方法,探索兼具科学性、普适性、易推广的村庄分类方法与分类体系,并以吉林省前郭县和靖宇县为例比较不同地域村庄差异影响因素和村庄类型系统的异同。研究发现:(1)在反映影响村庄差异的因素中,人口与活动特征、服务设施可及性、受城镇辐射度和道路交通条件是主要因素,这反映当代村庄更多是一个开放的外向型系统。(2)前郭、靖宇虽然经济发展水平接近,但因平原与山区的差异,后者的村庄差异受地形阻碍水平和资源环境基础的影响更为显著。(3)从“一级类–二级型”双层级村庄类型系统的结构和比例关系看,两县一级村庄类型中搬迁撤并类比重均比较高(前郭40.6%、靖宇27.9%),但具体原因有所不同;两县二级村庄类型的主体是治理改善型、人口流失型和规划禁控型,这反映了东北地区乡村非农产业不发达、人口快速流失与发展日益分化和重点生态功能区比重高的总体区域特征。By using social network analysis,factor analysis,and entropy-weight TOPSIS method,etc.,this paper constructed a classification model based on multi-source data to try exploring a scientific,universal and feasible classification of villages,and comparing the factors influencing village differentiation as well as the classification system of villages in Qianguo and Jingyu counties of Jilin Province.The results show that:1)The main factors reflecting or influencing the differences of villages are demographic and activity characteristics,accessibility of service facilities,urban radiation,and traffic conditions,which reflects that the contemporary village is quite an open and outward system rather than a self-sufficient one.2)Although the economic development levels of Qianguo and Jingyu counties are similar,the latter's village differences are more significantly influenced by terrain obstacles and resource and environmental base due to its mountainous other than plain topography.3)The proportions of relocation or merging category in both counties'primary village categories are relatively high(40.6%in Qianguo,27.9%in Jingyu),but the specific reasons of them are different.The main secondary village types in both counties are governance to be improved type,population losing type,and prohibited or controlled by planning type,which reflects the overall regional characteristics of northeast China,such as underdeveloped non-agricultural industries in rural areas,rapid population loss and growing development differentiation,and the high proportion of key ecological function areas.

关 键 词：村庄分类 乡村振兴 手机信令数据 乡村规划 吉林省 

分 类 号：F129.9[经济管理—世界经济]