诺如病毒进化特征及疫苗研究进展  

Recent advances in the evolutionary characteristics of norovirus and the vaccines

作　　者：刘宁 李启明 Liu Ning;Li Qiming(National Vaccine&Serum Institute,Beijing 101111,China)

机构地区：[1]国药中生生物技术研究院(新型疫苗国家工程研究中心),北京101111

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》2023年第2期201-207,共7页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

摘　　要：诺如病毒是急性非细菌性肠胃炎的主要病原体,在全球范围内呈持续散发和季节性暴发的流行趋势,对人类健康以及全球公共卫生事业造成威胁。由于该病毒不能体外培养,且缺少有效的动物模型,至今尚无相关疫苗和抗病毒药物上市。诺如病毒基因的多样性及持续的进化为疾病防控体系带来了极大困扰,因而诺如病毒进化形式和趋势研究对于该病毒的防控具有重要意义。本文总结了诺如病毒两种主要的进化形式及其在不同基因型进化过程中的差异及作用,分析了病毒、宿主及环境等多种因素影响诺如病毒进化的相关研究进展,并对诺如病毒疫苗的研发现状进行综述。Norovirus(NoV)is one of the main pathogens responsible for the acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis.NoV transmits continuously and causes outbreaks seasonally around the world,posing a threat to human health and global public health security.NoV cannot be cultured in vitro and the effective animal model is still not available,there are no anti-viral vaccines and drugs on the market so far.The diversity and continuous evolution of norovirus genomes have brought great troubles to the disease prevention and control system,so it is of great significance for the prevention and control of the virus to investigate its evolutionary characteristics and trend.This paper summarizes the two main evolutionary forms of norovirus and their differences and roles in the evolution of different genotypes.The evolutionary characteristics of norovirus were analyzed,and the related research progress of the virus,host,environment and other driving factors affecting the evolution of norovirus were summarized,and the research and development status of norovirus vaccine was briefly reviewed.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 进化特征 疫苗 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学]