喀斯特山地生态养鸡对土壤理化性质及菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Ecological Chicken Farming on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microflora Structure in Karst Mountains

作　　者：木仁 王鑫 格根图雅 马媛 冉田田 陈志 徐文斌 李静 Muren;Wang Xin;Gegentuya;Ma Yuan;Ran Tiantian;Chen Zhi;Xu Wenbin;Li Jing(College of Biological Science and Agriculture,Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities,Duyun 558000,China;Qiannan Key Laboratory of Molecular Technology Application for Characteristic Livestock and Poultry,Duyun 558000,China;Library of Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities,Duyun 558000,China;College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]黔南民族师范学院生物科学与农学院,贵州都匀558000 [2]黔南州特色畜禽分子技术应用重点实验室,贵州都匀558000 [3]黔南民族师范学院图书馆,贵州都匀558000 [4]浙江大学动物科学学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第4期83-89,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般455,黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般167);贵州省教育厅创新团队提升计划项目(QNYSKYTD2018006);贵州省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110670009);贵州省“本科教学工程”项目(黔教高发[2015]337号);黔南民族师范学院教育质量提升工程项目(2021xjg016)。

摘　　要：为研究喀斯特山地生态养鸡对土壤理化性质及菌群结构的影响,本试验分别采集养殖区(CA组)、轮休区(RA组)和未养殖区(NCA组)土壤,对其pH值、含水率、容重、全氮、全磷、全钾及微生物组成进行分析。结果表明,相较于NCA组,CA组的土壤pH值极显著降低,含水率显著降低,全钾和全磷含量显著或极显著增加。CA组的细菌Alpha多样性指数(Ace、Chao1、Shannon、Simpson指数)最低;相对于CA组,RA组的Alpha多样性指数显著或极显著增加。CA组真菌Shannon指数最低,RA组最高;与CA和NCA组相比,RA组的Ace指数和Chao1指数显著或极显著增加。三组的优势细菌门类为变形菌门(36.452%~42.378%)、酸杆菌门(23.362%~31.836%)和拟杆菌门(4.710%~11.488%);优势真菌门类为子囊菌门(17.453%~31.368%)、担子菌门(13.295%~19.737%)和毛霉门(7.253%~21.492%)。土壤pH值、全氮含量分别极显著、显著影响细菌群落结构;全钾含量和容重显著影响真菌群落结构。综上,喀斯特山地连续养鸡可导致土壤酸化、持水力减弱,钾、磷含量增加,并造成细菌丰富度和多样性及真菌多样性降低;轮休后以上情况得到较好改善。In order to study the effects of ecological chicken farming on soil physicochemical properties and microflora structure in karst mountains,soil samples were collected from farming area(CA group),rotation area(RA group)and non-farming area(NCA group),and the pH value,moisture content,bulk density,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and microbial composition were analyzed.The results showed that compared with NCA group,the soil pH value of CA group extremely significantly decreased,the moisture content significantly decreased,and the total potassium and total phosphorus contents significantly or extremely significantly increased.The bacterial Alpha diversity indexes(Ace,Chao1,Shannon,Simpson index)of CA group was the lowest;compared with CA group,the Alpha diversity index of RA group increased significantly or extremely significantly.The fungal Shannon index was the lowest in CA group,while that in RA group was the highest.Compared with CA and NCA groups,the Ace index and Chao1 index in RA group increased significantly or extremely significantly.The dominant bacterial phyla of the three groups were Proteobacteria(36.452%~42.378%),Acidobacteria(23.362%~31.836%)and Bacteroidetes(4.710%~11.488%);the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycetes(17.453%~31.368%),Basidiomycetes(13.295%~19.737%)and Mucorhyta(7.253%~21.492%).Soil pH value and total nitrogen content extremely significantly or significantly affected the bacterial community structure;total potassium content and bulk density significantly affected the fungal community structure.In summary,continuous chicken farming in karst mountains could lead to soil acidification,weakening of water holding capacity,increase of potassium and phosphorus content,and decrease of bacterial richness and diversity and fungal diversity;the above situations could be improved after rest rotation.

关 键 词：喀斯特山地 生态养鸡 土壤理化性质 土壤细菌 土壤真菌 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]