基质栽培模式对温室西瓜生长、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Substrate Cultivation Modes on Greenhouse Watermelon Growth,Yield and Quality

作　　者：陈亮 栾倩倩 蔺毅 张自强 CHEN Liang;LUAN Qianqian;LIN Yi;ZHANG Ziqiang(Gansu Provincial Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,Wuwei,Gansu 733006)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733006

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第10期38-44,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：甘肃省陇原青年创新创业人才(个人)项目“河西戈壁设施农业药渣基质化利用关键技术研究与应用”(2021LQGR09);甘肃省青年科技基金计划“设施黄沙栽培西瓜对灌水量的生长及生理响应”(20JR5RA067);甘肃省农业工程技术研究院创新基金项目“戈壁设施西瓜中药渣复合栽培基质配方筛选”(2020年青年基金);甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(21JR7RA753)。

摘　　要：为筛选温室西瓜最适宜的复合基质栽培模式。以设施主栽的小果型西瓜品种为试材,采用复合基质坑点式栽培(T_(1))、基质袋培(T_(2))、基质枕栽培(T_(3))、地上槽式栽培(T_(4))和地下槽式栽培(T_(5))5种栽培模式,各栽培模式互为对照,探究基质栽培模式对温室西瓜植株生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在开花坐果期,T_(4)处理的株高、节间长度、叶片数、SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)和胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)分别较T_(3)处理显著增加了60.81%、20.63%、25.49%、13.77%、6.34%和8.56%,T_(3)处理的气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)分别较T_(4)处理显著增加了65.71%和14.99%;在果实膨大期,T_(4)处理的株高、茎粗和叶片数分别较T_(3)处理显著增加了86.75%、22.42%和16.79%;在成熟期,T_(4)处理的株高、茎粗、节间长度、叶片数、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、地上部干质量、地下部干质量和果实产量达到最大值,且显著高于T_(3)处理;T_(3)处理的中心糖含量和边糖含量均为最高,中心糖含量显著高于其他各处理,边糖含量显著高于T_(1)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理。综上所述,5种栽培模式均可用于温室西瓜生产,但地上槽式栽培模式有利于促进西瓜的生长发育并提高产量,其西瓜长势最好,果实产量最高,基质枕栽培模式有利于增加果实含糖量,果实品质表现最好。To screen the most suitable Chinese medicine residue compound substrate cultivation mode for watermelon in greenhouse,in this study,main small-fruit watermelon varieties planted in greenhouse were used as the test materials.Five cultivation modes were adopted,including pit cultivation(T_(1)),substrate bag cultivation(T_(2)),substrate pillow cultivation(T_(3)),aboveground trough cultivation(T_(4))and underground trough cultivation(T_(5)),to explore the effects of different substrate cultivation modes on the growth,yield and quality of watermelon in greenhouse.The results showed that in the flowering and fruit setting stage,compared with those of T_(3),the plant height,internode length,number of leaves,SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)of T_(4)significantly increased by 60.81%,20.63%,25.49%,13.77%,6.34%and 8.56%,respectively;while the stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of T_(3)increased significantly by 65.71%and 14.99%,respectively,compared with those of T_(4).In the fruit enlargement stage,the plant height,stem diameter and number of leaves of T_(4)increased significantly by 86.75%,22.42%and 16.79%,respectively,compared with those of T_(3).At the maturity stage,the plant height,stem diameter,internode length,number of leaves,fresh weight of aboveground part,fresh weight of underground part,dry weight of aboveground part,dry weight of underground part,and fruit yield of T_(4)reached the maximum value,and were significantly higher than those of T_(3).The content of center sugar and edge sugar were the highest in T_(3),the center sugar content was significantly higher than that of other treatments,and the edge sugar content was significantly higher than that of T_(1),T_(4)and T_(5)treatments.In summary,the five cultivation modes can all be used for the production and cultivation of watermelon in greenhouse,but the aboveground trough cultivation mode is more conducive to promoting the growth and development of watermelon and increasing the fruit yield,and th

关 键 词：温室西瓜 药渣复合基质 植株生长 光合特性 产量品质 

分 类 号：S627[农业科学—园艺学]