陕南中低海拔山区植物物种多样性与海拔及坡向的关系  

Relationship between plant species diversity and elevation and slope aspect in middle and low altitude mountainous areas of Southern Shaanxi

作　　者：丛晓峰[1] 陈昊[1] 李丹 张宇军[1] 李为民[1] 柏国清[1] CONG Xiaofeng;CHEN Hao;LI Dan;ZHANG Yujun;LI Weimin;BAI Guoqing(Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province,Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources,Xi'an 710061,China;Sdic Biotech Investment Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 200082,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省西安植物园,陕西省植物资源保护与利用工程技术研究中心,西安710061 [2]国投生物科技投资有限公司,上海200082

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第4期39-47,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31800554);2018年公共卫生服务补助资金专项(财社[2018]43号);陕西省重点研发计划(2021SF-391,2022NY-169,2023-YBNY-101)。

摘　　要：为了研究陕南中低海拔山区植物物种多样性与坡向、海拔之间的关系,在研究区内设置并选取了具有代表性的样方91处,统计分析了每150 m海拔区间内乔木层、灌木层、草本层物种多样性及其关系。结果表明:(1)研究区内共有维管束植物129科、312属、460种;阴坡乔木、灌木、草本植物的物种数均多于阳坡;相同坡向内草本植物的科、属、种数量最多,灌木次之,乔木最少。(2)除草本植物的H、D值外,其他层次物种多样性指数的变异系数阴坡均大于阳坡;阳坡海拔1250 m以上草本植物物种数逐渐降低,优势种逐渐显现;在阴坡,海拔500—650 m处草本植物物种数最多,而海拔1400—1550 m灌木的个体数量最多。(3)回归分析中,多样性指数与海拔之间大多能呈现较好的拟合效果。阴、阳坡向内乔木层的多样性指数均先降低再升高,海拔950 m以上,阴坡乔木层的H、M值大于阳坡,差异显著(P<0.05);而D、J值差异不显著。阴坡灌木层的H、J、M值在海拔800 m处呈现单峰格局;阳坡灌木层的H、M值在研究区域内单调升高,而J值与海拔之间没有很好的拟合效果。在研究区内,阳坡草本层的H、J、M值随海拔升高呈现先增加再降低趋势,而阴坡草本层各指数与海拔之间没有很好的拟合效果。(4)不同层次间相关性检验中,阳坡乔木层H值与灌木层的H、D、M为显著负相关(0.01<P≤0.05),乔木层的J值与灌木层的J值、灌木层的J值与草本层的J值为显著正相关(0.01<P≤0.05);阴坡灌木的多样性指数与草本层各指数(D值除外)多呈显著或极显著正相关;其他相关性均达不到显著水平。(5)阳坡的种间共同出现率的峰值位于海拔800—950 m、950—1100 m的两个区间内,最低值在海拔1100—1250 m、1250—1400 m两个区间内。阴坡的峰值海拔比阳坡峰值海拔高100—400 m,而最低值所处的海拔区间与阳坡相同。In order to study the relationship between plant species diversity of middle and low altitude mountainous areas in southern Shaanxi and slope aspect and elevation,91 representative quadrats were set up and selected in the study area and the species diversity and relationship of arbor layer,shrub layer and herb layer in every 150 m altitude range were statistically analyzed.The results showed that:(1)there were 460 species of vascular plants belonging to 129 families,312 genera in the study area;the number of species of arbors,shrubs and herbs in shady slope was more than that in sunny slope.In the same slope,the number of species of herbaceous plants was the highest,covering the most families and genera,followed by shrubs and trees.(2)Except for the H and D values of herbaceous plants,the coefficient of variation of other species diversity index in shady slope was greater than that in sunny slope;on sunny slope,above 1250 m altitude,the number of herbaceous plant species decreased gradually and the dominant species gradually appeared;on shady slope,at 500-650 m altitude,the number of herbaceous plant species was the largest,while the number of shrub individuals was the largest at 1400-1550 m altitude.(3)In the regression analysis,the diversity index and the altitude mostly showed a good fitting effect.The diversity index of arbor layer in shady slope and sunny slope first decreased and then increased.The H and M values of arbor layer in shady slope were higher than those in sunny slope above 950 m altitude,and the difference was significant(P<0.05),but the difference of D and J was not obvious.The H,J and M values of shrub layer on shady slope showed a single peak pattern at 800 m;H and M values of shrub layer on sunny slope increased monotonously in the study area,but there was no good fitting effect between J value and altitude.In the study area,the values of H,J and M of herbaceous layer on sunny slope first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude,while the indexes of herbaceous layer on sha

关 键 词：陕南山区 植物多样性 海拔 坡向 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]