不同灌溉保墒措施对春光葡萄土壤含水量和果实产量的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation and Moisture Conversation Measures on Soil Moisture and Fruit Yield of Chunguang Grape

作　　者：王伟军 陈文朝 郝建宇 王岩 徐敏 杨茜 WANG Weijun;CHEN Wenchao;HAO Jianyu;WANG Yan;XU Min;YANG Xi(Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第5期525-530,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29);河北省现代农业产业技术体系葡萄创新团队张家口产区综合试验站(HBCT2021230401);河北省农业科技成果转化项目;张家口市重点研发计划项目(2311026C)。

摘　　要：为探究冀西北地区露地鲜食葡萄园最佳灌溉保墒措施,试验以5年生春光葡萄为供试材料,以常规灌溉为对照(CK),研究4种灌溉保墒措施(滴灌、滴灌覆膜、调亏滴灌、调亏滴灌覆膜)对春光葡萄园土壤水分动态、耗水量、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,葡萄园覆盖园艺地布(滴灌覆膜、调亏滴灌覆膜)可以提高土壤含水量,在整个葡萄生育期滴灌覆膜处理0~100 cm土层土壤含水量最高,调亏灌溉处理0~100 cm土层土壤含水量最低;5个处理均是在果实转色期到成熟期耗水量最高,坐果期耗水量最低,CK在全生育期耗水量为731.06 mm,与CK相比,滴灌、滴灌覆膜、调亏滴灌、调亏滴灌覆膜处理的耗水量分别降低了4.29%、2.99%、8.82%、12.07%;与CK相比,滴灌覆膜处理提高了果实产量,调亏滴灌和调亏滴灌覆膜处理降低了果实产量;滴灌覆膜处理灌溉水利用效率最高(10.69 kg/m^(3))。滴灌覆膜处理提高了土壤含水量、降低了耗水量、提高了果实产量和灌溉水利用效率,为最佳灌溉保墒措施。In order to explore the best irrigation and moisture conservation measures for open-air fresh grape vineyards in Northwest Hebei province,the effects of four irrigation and moisture conservation measures(drip irrigation,drip irrigation and film mulching,regulated deficit drip irrigation,and regulated deficit drip irrigation and film mulching)on soil moisture dynamics,water consumption,yield,and water use efficiency of Chunguang grape vineyards were studied with 5-year-old Chunguang grape as the test material and conventional irrigation as the control.The results showed that mulching of horticultural floor cloth(drip irrigation and film mulching,regulated deficit drip irrigation and film mulching)could increase the soil water content,the value of 0-100 cm soil layer treated by drip irrigation was the highest in the whole grape growth period,while regulated irrigation treatment had the lowest soil moisture content in the 0-100 cm soil layer.The water consumption of the five treatments was the highest from the fruit color changing stage to the mature stage and the lowest at the fruit setting stage.The water consumption of CK treatment in the whole growth period was 731.06 mm.Compared with CK,the water consumption of drip irrigation,drip irrigation film mulching,regulated deficit drip irrigation,and regulated deficit drip irrigation film mulching decreased by 4.29%,2.99%,8.82%and 12.07%,respectively;Compared with CK,drip irrigation and film mulching treatment increased fruit yield,while regulated deficit drip irrigation and regulated deficit drip irrigation and film mulching treatment decreased fruit yield.The irrigation water use efficiency of drip irrigation and film mulching treatment was the highest(10.69 kg/m^(3)).Drip irrigation and film mulching treatment increased soil water content,reduced water consumption,improved fruit yield and irrigation water use efficiency,so it was the best irrigation and moisture conservation measure.

关 键 词：春光葡萄 土壤含水量 耗水量 灌溉水利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]